Fraud Theory Analysis of R. v. Inshanalli †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Fraud Theory Analysis of R. v. Inshanalli. Answer: Facts of the Case In the case of R. v. Inshanalli, 2017 ONCJ it had been held by the court that the appellant was guilty of committing fraud which amounted to $5000 which was contrary to the provisions of s 380(1)(a) of the criminal code as well as violation of probations which had been applied on her and thus violating the provisions of s. 733.1(1)(a) of the Criminal Code. The appellant was employed by the victim as a bookkeeper/controller from 2014 April to 2016 January where she had been dismissed with respect to the identification of her fraudulent activities which she indulged into during her course of employment. The discovery was that about 134 cheques had been written by her which were not authorized and ranged from $1456.00 to $5839.28. 125 of the 134 cheques had forged signatures of the victim Gerard Waslens done by the appellant. The appellant in this case Ms. Inshanalli who is 62 years of age also have a history of committing the same kind of offence in the past. She had in 2004 indulge into fraudulent activity which involved stealing of $750,000 for the company she had been employed in and had been subjected to two years of imprisonment. In 2010 she had also indulged in fraudulent activities where she had been sentenced to an eighteen month period along with a probation which stated that she is no longer eligible to work in the position of an accountant or bookkeeper. Fraud Theory Analysis The application of a number of theories can be done in the situation for the purpose of analyzing the actions of the person committing the fraud and understanding how and why were such actions initiated. The Fraud Triangle- there are three factors which have been set out by this theory which can influence a person to do fraud (Mansor, 2015). Perceived fraud- this is how a person is motivated in relation to fraud. There are issues faced by such person of which he cannot identify legal solutions and thus indulge into illegal activities. Perceived opportunity- the modus operandi of the action is stated through this factor. The person finds out a way through which another person can be deceived Rationalization- personal reasoning in favor of the action has to be present to turn a person into fraud (Said et al., 2017). In this case it is clear that the appellant is subjected to a considerable history of crime in the past which took place in the year 2004 and 2010. She had been punished for such action in form of imprisonment as well as imposed with probations to not work as an accountant or bookkeeper. She had utilized all the funds which she had been able to gain access to towards her gambling addiction. In addition no voluntary remorse or restitution had been depicted by the appellant during such situations. Thus can be stated that she is a predatory fraudster and would commit the crime if placed in the same position again and this theory cannot be applied as rationalization as well as pressures are not required to be in place for such fraud to take place. The fraud scale- this theory had been initiated in the year 1984 as a substitute to the above discussed theory. The theory incorporates the elements of integrity or ethics with rationalization. The way in which a person makes decisions is considered for the purpose of analyzing the presence of integrity. Ethical commitment is directly proportional to integrity. In addition the probability of fraud is inversely proportional to integrity (Huber, 2017). Although the theory is not comprehensively applicable in the situation of the appellant the application of the element of integrity can be done in the situation where there is no factor of pressure (peer pressure for participating in gambling is not considered as a pressure) and given the predatory nature of the appellant. She did not have integrity as he was doing the same kind of activities even after being prosecuted for them. Rational Choice theory- The theory belongs to the subject of criminology and its application is initiated to determine the reason behind getting into a criminal activity by people. There are three elements of this theory which are that the person believes that he or she is an individual, he or she has to do goal maximization, he or she only takes into consideration self interest (Hindmoor Taylor, 2015). The primary finding of this theory is that the person indulges in criminal activities when he finds that the cost of crime is lesser than the benefits provided by it (Beaudry?Cyr, 2016). In the present case the goal of the appellant was to indulge in criminal activities for the purpose of fulfilling her gambling addiction. In addition she had realized that the benefit she could attain by getting all the money was much more than the cost in form of imprisonment which she may have to bare in relation to the crime. Thus the cost of the crime was viewed as minimal by and benefits were judged as high. Conclusion The above discussed theories give idea in relation to the way in which and why fraudulent activities are indulged into be individuals. Another case which included the same situation as in the case of R. v. Inshanalli, 2017 ONCJ was R v Slobbe where it had been found by the court that the person indulged in fraud to fulfill his lavish lifestyle. The person was a trusted individual who latter turned into a fraudsters to fulfill is needs. On the other had in the case of R. v. Paterson, 2013 it had been analyzed by the court that the primary motivation of fraud was his falling business and the victim has suffered a loss of $55,500,000. In this case the fraud triangle theory will be applicable. This is because there was a pressure on the part of the person committing the fraud, he got an opportunity based on the position in which he was and his rational thinking made him take the decision to indulge into the action. Thus the type of fraudster has to be identified so that the fraud theorie s can be appropriately applied for the analysis. References Beaudry?Cyr, M. (2016). Rational Choice Theory.The Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment. Hindmoor, A., Taylor, B. (2015).Rational choice. Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Huber, W. (2017). Forensic Accounting, Fraud Theory, And The End Of The Fraud Triangle.Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research,12(2). Mansor, N. (2015). Fraud triangle theory and fraud diamond theory. Understanding the convergent and divergent for future research.International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Science,1, 38-45. v. Inshanalli, 2017 ONCJ 234 v. Paterson, 2013 BCPC 5 Said, J., Alam, M. M., Ramli, M., Rafidi, M. (2017). Integrating ethical values into fraud triangle theory in assessing employee fraud: Evidence from the Malaysian banking industry.Journal of International Studies,10(2), 170-184.

Writing Sample For Job History Essay

Writing Sample For Job History EssayThere are a lot of ways to write a writing sample for job history essay. However, the most effective method is to use the sample itself as your source of knowledge and opinion. When you find a sample for a particular career opportunity, do not go by a generalized reading of that position or company in general. Instead, choose the one example that best describes your skills, traits, abilities, and experiences.The sample, unlike your resume, is very much an 'official' document and can serve as your calling card. It is not merely the chronological record of your career, but more so a presentation of how you came to choose a certain career path. Even though this is not an option for everyone, since a writing sample for job history essay is supposed to be objective and unbiased, it must be done carefully and respectfully. A sample will reflect both your personal and professional development in an objective way. You must stay true to the sample in order to have the fullest possible perspective.Take note that it is extremely important to choose a sample that is specific to the type of position. For example, if you are looking for a teaching job, the sample should include teaching duties or a job description. Writing sample for job history essay could also consist of an actual academic paper. Keep in mind that you will be able to get the same or similar results when writing this type of sample for job history essay. In fact, it may be an excellent way to highlight your academic and professional interests. Although this can be a positive thing for you, it is never a good idea to use a sample that is completely opposite to the kind of writing you would normally do.When you have chosen a sample for a specific position, carefully read the sample over again. Analyze the content, structure, and grammar. Read over the examples and explain the sentences in detail. Remember that these are always meant to represent real life situations. You mu st keep this in mind when you do your writing sample for job history essay. If it is something that you would never normally do, do not use it.After you have read through the sample, you may want to revise it. Maybe you may have overlooked something that the sample does not show. If this is the case, you may need to edit the sample again in order to bring it into line with your own style. Do not make any major changes to the sample. Remember that the purpose of writing a sample for job history essay is to provide information and perspective on your skills, accomplishments, and attitude towards the work you are doing. Any grammatical or spelling errors that you make will only make the essay look unprofessional.You may want to share the sample with your friends and family members so that they can have a first-hand look at the sample. One great way to do this is to copy the example and paste it on a Word document. This makes it much easier for you to edit the sample and have a better i dea of how it would translate to your own style. Make sure that the sample you are using is one that fits your career goal. A writing sample for job history essay is an excellent tool to develop you as a writer.Remember that writing sample for job history essay is only as good as the knowledge you have gained from the sample. It is not necessarily a replacement for a well-written resume or cover letter. However, it can go a long way to demonstrate your experience and skills. Once you have all the information you need, you will be well on your way to getting the career you have always wanted.

Pueblo Bonito essays

Pueblo Bonito essays The famous Pueblo Bonito is located in North West New Mexico and contains some of the most spectacular Indian ruins of North America. Some archaeologists say that this lone fact makes this site one of the most valuable and important places, especially for reconstruction. Archaeologists and researchers, in fact, have already proved this to be true. They have found pottery dating back to 920 A.D. that can tell us about the technology and trade of the Anasazis in the Chaco Canyon region. Kivas, partly underground chambers used for religious ceremonies, can be found all throughout the ruins of Pueblo Bonito. The kivas tell about the Anasazi religion and how they worshipped. The Anasazi Indians are known for building great houses such as Pueblo Bonito, which, in fact, are towns within themselves. These great houses are an important aspect of the research of Pueblo Bonito because of how much the architecture can tell archaeologists about these ancient peoples. For example, archaeologists can tell that characteristics of the great houses include planned layouts, distinctive masonry, multi-story construction, and kivas. The location that the Anasazi people chose for Pueblo Bonito also contributes to the importance of Chaco Canyon and Pueblo Bonito. The location was unusual because they built it under a separated piece of a cliff wall. This piece was called Threatening Rock, standing 97 feet high and weighing about thirty thousand tons. The Anasazi people knew of this threat and built a supporting terrace which slowed the erosion of the soil. This worked well for them, because Chaco Canyon has a desert-like climate. The terrace worked quite well for the Anasazis, because the Threatening Rock did not fall until 1941. From the first excavations of Pueblo Bonito by Richard Wetherill, a rancher, and archaeologist George Pepper, to the most recent, archaeologists have ...

Chain Reaction Definition in Chemistry and Physics

Chain Reaction Definition in Chemistry and Physics In science, a chain reaction is a series of reactions where the products contribute to the reactants of another reaction without outside influence. The idea of chain reactions was introduced by German chemist Max Bodenstein in 1913 in reference to chemical reactions. Chain Reactions Examples A nuclear chain reaction is a fission reaction where the neutrons generated by the fission process go on and initiate fission in other atoms. The chemical reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to form water is another example of a chain reaction. In the reaction, one hydrogen atom is replaced by another as well as two OH radicals. The propagation of the reaction can lead to an explosion. Chain Reaction Steps A typical chain reaction follows a sequence of steps: Initiation: Active particles form that serve as the basis for the reaction.Propagation: Active particles react with each other and may serve as catalysts to perpetuate the cycle.Termination: The active particles lose their activity, slowing and ending the reaction.

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Is there a trade-off between innovation and regulating quality in higher education If so, what is the appropriate way to balan - Essay Example During this educational program, students are capable to explore their own selected area and effectively focus on four thematic areas such as policy, change, leadership and community diversity (The Trustees of Boston College, 2012). The department of ‘Educational Leadership and Higher Education’ provides Master’s as well as Doctoral programs for the applying students. The core objective of this department is to provide education to the students for leadership position. Moreover, this department also provides graduate level professional as well as certification programs. In this regard, the professional program provides education to the individuals regarding administrative position at the college as well as university level. While on the other hand, certification program in educational leadership provides education to the students regarding the managerial position (Saint Louis University, 2012). ‘Trade-Off’ is considered as a situation that implies for egoing on quality of something in return of gaining another quality. The basis objective of this paper is to demine the trade-off between innovation and regulating quality in higher education. Trade-Off between Innovation and Regulating Quality in Higher Education The term ‘innovation’ is considered as an initiation related to new ideas, thoughts, devices or methods. In the present context, higher education facilities are continuously evolving across the globe. In terms of innovation regarding educational curriculum activities are concerned, an instance can be witnessed of Western Governors University at the United Kingdom which considerably is focusing on bring about certain innovation in their educational system. Contextually, innovation regarding curriculum activities and development program assists this university to meet the educational standards at higher level. They expected that by initiation of innovation, they would facilitate effective educational facilities and also attract a wide number of students (Trane, 2012). At present, a majority of post graduate educational institutions and higher educational level universities are bringing about a lot of innovative changes regarding educational system. By taking into consideration regarding the Australian higher education system, certain arguments were presented by the Bradley Review of Higher Education in the year 2008. This educational standard reviewing authority demonstrated certain obvious changes about the existing educational systems such as setting of easy access regarding online education, certain regulatory aspects of educational procedures along with enhancing the quality of academic lectures. Since the year 1970, Australian government has encouraged several universities to critically evaluate their educational performance. In the year 1980, this evaluation was considerably accepted in order to improve the efficiency as well as effectiveness of educational program. In the last few d ecades, there has been a considerable turmoil regarding bringing in innovative changes in the education system which was quite difficult to carry out for the various universities (Varis, 2007). A number of colleges and universities in recent times are facing a diverse set of challenges in terms of ensuring quality of higher education along with incorporating sustained regulation. These challenges relate in

Evolution in Health and Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Evolution in Health and Disease - Essay Example However, another form of evolution exists with relation to disease and patient health. In fact, an entire field of study is termed as â€Å"evolutionary medicine†. As such, this particular field is interested in determining the ways in which health and disease closely mirror evolutionary biology. As a function of understanding this fact, medical health professionals and researchers of ever variety are able to formulate treatments and care plans that will more effectively speak to the needs of the patient within the framework of understanding disease from the evolutionary standpoint. As a function of seeking to understanding this particular field of study in a more full and complete manner, this analysis will define, categorize, and explore some of the key realms within which evolutionary medicine has and continues to make valuable contributions to the medical community and treatment of disease. In such a way, the study of evolutionary biology as related to the human body and t he field of medicine and health is ultimately the study of change and how it is exhibited on the body as well as the pathogen, organ, or feature of the body that is targeted for treatment. When one considers evolutionary biology, one of the first items that comes to mind is of course the way that living organisms have the innate ability to shift, change, and adapt in order to survive and thrive within their environment (Trotter et al 2011, pg. 41). Ideally, this is a good thing; however, with the case of a variety of pathogens, the ability to morph, change, and alter the way in which they react to certain substances and environments means that pathogens that had been able to be treated using a variety of different means can eventually become somewhat immune to such efforts and require the medical community to actively engage and seek out new ways in which to stop the spread of disease; oftentimes utilizing entirely different means than the pathogen itself has become immune to. One o f the ways that pathogens can exhibit a type of evolutionary biology with reference to a type of â€Å"learned† immunity is with respect to the way that certain pathogens survive the administration of a given antibiotic (Valles 2012, p. 256). As with the model of the natural selection and survival of the fittest, this means that those pathogens that survive the administration of the antibiotic are generally less affected by its subsequent administration than the original culture of pathogens which were first exposed. This is very much the same principle whereby humans themselves develop a type of immunity to certain diseases based upon the fact that their body’s immune system has â€Å"seen† the pathogens at an earlier date and becomes, at least in some way, resistant to them. Figure 1.0 below shows the ways in which bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics over time. Figure 1.0 Although a natural process and merely part of evolution itself, this particular asp ect of evolutionary medicine is both worrisome and troublesome for pharmacologists, researchers, and medical healthcare professionals alike as they seek to develop and utilize new strains of drugs to treat increasingly resistant pathogens. However, the fact of the matter is that not only do some pathogens become immune themselves to the drugs that doctors might administer to help the body fight them off, the most dangerous pathogens have â€Å"

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Efficient Ways To Promote Business The main purpose to own a marketing plan to promote the business which includes its strategy, its direction, its services and lastly to determine the profit base of a business. With the current I.T Technologies, one of the most efficient ways to promote business is using e-commerce. With these I.T methods, online business can easily spread over the nation and all around the world especially using Social Networking Application Tools for example, Facebook and Twitters to introduce the website URL and allows the reader to become fan and gained benefit for it such as first 100 registered fans earn free10 online bonus points for online transaction. Another online method is using online media advertisement through Youtube an online shared short movie site where we can easily advertisement through short clip movie. Other from online advertisement, we can put the advertisement in different presentation media such as through newspaper, television, road-side billboard advertisement board, leaflet, small sized sport shoe with our website URL printed and much more advertisement media. In order to make attraction to existing and new potential customer either online or offline method, we can able to arrange some promotion activities and events to promote our newly established e-commerce services by online banner advertisement through local famous blogger online website with permission, publishing through local newspaper using unique upside down advertisement format. In additional, the website should be keep updated from time to time for latest shoe fashion, designed and always shown the famous artist or actor picture where he or she appointed as their brand shoe authorized ambassador where it will be another way to attract youngster customer where the shoe authorized ambassador is their fan idol or which famous sport team sponsor brands such as Adidas or Nike which was all available shoe brand at your store. By participating using the online social networks, we can do promote new services through e-commerce. People can just simply click LIKE button and share information such as store promotion throughout the added friends list and other ways is using search engine optimization is to attract subscribers to your website from other search engines where it is an idea for launching new website purpose. Other than that, we can organize some gathering events especially with local famous bloggers where their blog site having high user accessing at all times one of the best idea to promote online business. Also create some merchandise with your website address printed as one of the publicity promotion. One of effectiveness ways is try to get your store as a authorized dealer for the famous shoe brand in the country or region where your store website will be listed in their website where it accessing by worldwide where mostly consumer will first get surfing through their favorite brand website and search for their local authorized dealer. Once your store appointed as a authorized dealer, try to print the brand name at your business card where it is also one of the ways to promote your store status which will reflected to your store reputation. I would like to suggest making an internet kiosk at the store so that walk in customer will able to aware on the store website and allows customer to apply membership through the website and it is also another way to present the shoes which available at the store rather than walking around the shop which the customer will feel more convenient and accessible for themselves. As for no less effectiveness, do promote through yellow pages directory and show your company details in brief such as Website URL, store address and contact number or even a small map to locate the store or try to make advertisement on the famous sport magazine and newsletter. On the website, allows subscriber to gain more information of the special shoes such as the shoe material, what type of sport is the ideal for the shoes, the shoes is used by any famous person especially by athletes for example NBA star. If possible, make some notification of the website if there is some promotion ongoing. Provide foot care services or health information which is considered as useful information or awareness to the subscriber. Allow the subscriber to make comments on the website such as inquiry or FAQ column. It will be wise if able to provide size graph or chart and even different region (US or UK) foot size for the foot measurement purpose. We should implement some customer services which would make the subscriber feel more convenient while they purchase shoe through online. The customer services can able to make online payment methods such as Mastercard, Visa or Paypal or even provide them free shipping during launching new website promotion or charge subscriber another 5% for the shipping free and it would be great to implement Tracking system so that once transaction is successful, buyer will be able to track their purchase item easily until it is delivery to the buyer side and let buyer to put some comment or message on our services so that we will be aware should there need any improvement and it able to bring our online business to another next level. Another measurement should be available at the website such as accessing website metering. From there, we can able to analysis and comparing with the store amount of walk in customer in weekly or monthly basis. One of promote for newly launched website is using Online chiropody services. This service can able to assist subscriber to aware especially when during the shoe advertisement through any promotional activities where subscriber interested the way of advertising and allow subscriber understand what type of shoe suitable for their purpose. With this kind of services, it may attract new potential subscriber and consider an idea to promote online business. Conclusion: According on an ideally and strategic marketing plan, promote online business or e-commerce is very easy and useful. But of course, we should do consideration in other business factors such as its consequences, allocated budgeting and the most important is to gather sufficient information as much as possible so that it is possible to make look more interesting to the subscriber at all times. Although there are variety ways of advertisement and with limited allocated budgeting, it would be make difficulties as it is the main key point for the overall idea. With e-commerce, limited budgeting will be put aside, as internet basically is free for everyone and easily to make online advertisement such as online classification web site one of the best resources to promote online business. With good planned marketing plan and if possible with some financial strength, I believe this online advertisement will get a start point and success as nowadays people preferred to purchase through online as in a way of convenient and accessible at anywhere or any places as long as availability of internet access. Listen Read phonetically