Human Interface Multi Pointing Wireless Device - 1380 Words

HUMAN INTERFACE MULTI-POINTING WIRELESS DEVICE Author: Dr. Sri Sai Srikanth (A.P.) SRM University, Ghaziabad g2mp16@gmail.com Abstract: This paper describes a wireless mouse that can be controlled by a user’s arm movement alone .The main purpose of this mouse is to control various computer systems by a single user. It focuses on the invention of the arm controlled mouse that employs one tilt sensor placed on the hand. The primary goals of the system are to have a comfortable and easily wearable device without interfering with other everyday activities while tracking particular movements of hand that could be used to control a wearable mouse or other wearable devices. The system uses accelerometer based tilt sensor to detect the user’s hand tilt in order to direct the mouse movement through a sensor. Clicks of the mouse are provided with the use of pressure sensor. The system is made wireless using RF Communication. This system was invented to assist people in their multitasking jobs where they can keep control over more things simultaneously. Keywords: Wireless mouse, tilt sensor, pressure sensor, multitasking Introduction: The purpose of this project is to explore the possibility of creating a wireless mouse that could be used in any location without having a flat surface to move it on. For this reason, we are trying to create a handheld device that uses accelerometer and gyro to detect its own orientation a feature that can be controlled by a user s arm movementsShow MoreRelatedHuman Interface Multi Pointing Wireless Device1459 Words   |  6 PagesHUMAN INTERFACE MULTI-POINTING WIRELESS DEVICE Abstract: This paper describes a wireless mouse that can be controlled by a user’s arm movement alone .The main purpose of this mouse is to control various computer systems by a single user. It focuses on the invention of the arm controlled mouse that employs one tilt sensor placed on the hand. The primary goals of the system are to have a comfortable and easily wearable device without interfering with other everyday activities while tracking particularRead MoreWhy The Motherboard Is The Most Important Component Within A Pc System2180 Words   |  9 Pagesparticular features of hardware within the configuration. The modern CPU usually contains a number of microprocessors (multi-core). It is often described as the â€Å"brain of the computer†. The purpose of the CPU is to process data. It is where all the searching, sorting, calculating and decision making takes place in the computer. The CPU will issue instructions to other devices depending on the results of the processing. For example, if the user wants to print a document, the CPU will instruct theRead MoreBlue Eyes Technology6429 Words   |  26 Pageshis user about the task at hand or simply acknowledging a command with a respectful, yes, sir. information, such as where the user is looking, what he or she is saying or gesturing or how the subject’s emotions are evident with a grip on the pointing device. As you walk by the computer screen, for example, Part of this project is not only teaching computers Voice or sound capabilities can also be integrated, In these cases, the computer extracts key Available at www.mindstien.net Blue EyesRead MoreSixth Sense Technology : Fourth Sense Essay3632 Words   |  15 PagesSixth Sense Technology provides us a near resemblance of a natural sixth sense, a higher order sense than the five senses we have. Sixth Sense Technology device have a mini-projector and a camera which are connected to a smartphone. Smartphone is used as a computer and have internet connectivity. Camera recognizes any object or person in the view with help of the internet connectivity and important information about that object can be projected on any desired surface including the object itself orRead MoreInformation Systems : Information System3088 Words   |  13 PagesSo the information system consists of the different components like: †¢ Hardware †¢ Software †¢ Data and Information †¢ Human Resources †¢ Procedures Hardware: Hardware is the peripherals devices that are the part of the system.These are the physical devices that can be seen or physically touched.Hardware include the input to the of the output devices. These include the storage devices too and the data communication equipments too. Today in the business world, from the largest to that of thesmallest firmRead MoreComputer Hardware Assignment3019 Words   |  13 Pages13    PERIPHERALS ..............................................................................................................................13    Input   devices    ............................................................................................................................................................    3    . 1 Output   Devices   ........................................................................................................................................................Read MoreHewlett Packard Company Info, Tagert Market and Competitors1860 Words   |  8 Pagesenvironment. HP is the only U.S. Company to appear in the top 10 of the Accountability Rating developed by Account Ability and csr network. Number 1 in computer and peripherals industry for intangible value analysis reporting — including governance, human capital and emerging market issues — by Innovest Strategic Value Advisors, Inc., a leading independent research firm for the SRI community. HP ranked fifth for environmental reporting. Number 1 in the U.S. in Environment, Social Impact Ratings byRead MoreWorld Wide Web and Business Community5946 Words   |  24 Pages(Watson, 1994). Direct On-line Selling It is already possible to visit ‘virtual malls’ full of ‘virtual shops’, browse through catalogues and examine various products in vast detail, all courtesy of the Web. This has all been made possible by the multi-media capabilities that the Web provides (Minio, 1994). Research and Development Companies, especially those involved in research and development can use the Internet as an additional resource for collecting information. Tetzeli (1994) explains howRead MoreBit Notes13983 Words   |  56 Pagesthe air is used as physical data input into a thermostat to regulate room temperature. Audiovisual: Various forms of data that we can hear or see make up audiovisual data. The computer can produce spoken output as well as accepts the human voice for input. Data can also take the form of graphs and drawing s generated by both users and software. Such as MP3, JDEG, BMP, AVI, MPEG, QCIKTIME, REAL MEDIA, WMV, ASF, JPEG, Numeric Data: Consists of numbers and decimal points, asRead MoreDevelopment Of Humanoid Robots, The New Challenge Occurring Is That The Assumption Of An Anthropomorphic Form3021 Words   |  13 Pagesinterpretation of human joints and development of mechanisms in order to entertain human motion. The work mainly focuses on the development of kinematic description of the shoulder-elbow complex. There is a quantified coupling, which exists between the shoulder movement and the elbow joint orientation. A mechanism is introduced, which has the capability to reproduce the coupling with procedural method, which is used to determine the variables needed to enforce couplings that exist within the human shoulder-elbow

How Can Events Contribute to Destination Image Enhancement Free Essays

Introduction The image of a country or destination is vital to the growth of the nation. By using the right forms of efforts, the destination can be greatly enhanced. Countries used their forte to attract tourists to visit them. We will write a custom essay sample on How Can Events Contribute to Destination Image Enhancement? or any similar topic only for you Order Now While countries with breath-taking scenes, unique cultures or wonders of the world attract their own lovers, others create their very own â€Å"scenes† which are called, events. An event is something that happens in a place and time. A successful event not only benefit in terms of profits, it also enhanced the image of the particular location. In this paper, some successful events will be looked at, telling us how these events sculpt the image of the destination and how they have helped to enhance the image of those destinations. Anuga, Cologne, Germany During World War Two, much of the city of Cologne was destroyed, by the end of the war, only 40,000 people were still living in the city. In 1947, the city was rebuilt, keeping the face of the post-war Cologne. Cologne is also the fourth largest city in Germany and one of the most travelled destination in Europe. Each year, Koelnmesse host more than 50 international trade fairs, attracting two million people. Amongst them are Anuga; the largest food show in the world and Cologne Carnival; known as the â€Å"fifth† season for the locals. In 2011, Anuga 2011 attracted 6596 companies from over 100 countries with a take up rate of 284,000 square meters of space. 86% of which were foreign exhibitors and over 155,000 trade visitors attended the show. Cologne had to accommodate to the influx of visitors each year. Infrastructure was built around the cultural landscape of Cologne to do just that. It is also a one of the most important traffic hub with all high-speed trains stopping there. Accommodations were abundance to house the millions who travel to Cologne for the trade fairs and there was no lack of restaurants and shopping. However, McCannell (1973) questioned the authenticity of what are portrayed to tourists in a destination, the building of such infrastructure may affect the overall landscape of the original Cologne, which is immense in a strong cultural vibe, hence portraying a different kind of city from what it is supposed to be. While the focus is put on international trade fairs for the city, the history had to make way for the development. Cologne has reflected some of the platforms on Jafari (1990). The advocacy platform, â€Å"the good† is the economic benefits that the industry brought, the amount of tourist money spent in the city during the event is high, the hotels benefitted during the period, translating into economic gains. The cautionary platform, â€Å"the bad† indicates the negative impacts which the event may bring to the city in opposition, social problems such as theft becomes common and monuments could be greatly depreciated with more people. The adaptancy platform, â€Å"the how† brings out the good and reduces the bad of the industry, it focused on the host country and at the same time, satisfying the visitors. In order to do so, much of the infrastructure in Cologne builds around the monuments and not demolishing them. In the knowledge based platform, â€Å"the why†, the importance of knowledge is the main point. Anuga, today, has become the must visit or must participate food event of the industry, the co-existing platforms of Jafari (1990) should help enhanced the image of the city. ? Beijing Olympics, China In 2008, the Olympics was held in Beijing, China. Ever since the announcement was made in 2004, China has been in preparation for the event. To do so, Beijing had planned building of stadiums, hotels, malls to house the athletes, coaches as well as audiences from around the world. The now world-renowned â€Å"bird’s nest† stadium was built by 7000 workers and can house up to 91,000 audiences at one time. It was reported that China had made a profit of over 1 billion yuan for hosting the 2008 Olympics. These profits came from sales of broadcasting rights, souvenirs, tickets and sponsorship. Countries from around the world compete to host the Olympics to â€Å"put their country on the map† and increased the country’s international exposure or to tell the world to anticipate something big from the country, which makes sense to a large extend. China has thus become an emerging huge market for the world, with a huge demand for imported goods as well as a strong presence in the export of China products. The event serves as a trailer to inform the world of its coming. The 2008 Olympics not only created state of the art infrastructure within oriental Beijing, but it also attracts the attention of international stake holders, boosting the image of Beijing, China. F1 Grandprix, Singapore F1 Grandprix began way back in the early sporting days, it features some of the best race cars in the world and have created legends on the tracks. Today, the race has gone on to 19 countries in the world including Singapore. Singapore hosted the F1 Grandprix in 2008, the first ever night race. The television viewership was estimated at 350 million. While many watches the race through various media platforms, some would seek, as said by McCannell. D (1973, 1976), authentic experiences, by visiting the destination to experience the live event. However, Boorstin (1961) would say that the visitors already expected to see what they already know will see. Although it may not make much of difference for viewers as it would just be another race in another country, which is predictable. Ritzer and Liska (1997)’s mcdonaldization would support that, tourism destination or in this case, the event, is predictable, with expensive tickets, similar race tracks, crowded places and even the racers are the same but the Singapore race is unique on its own. By organising the F1 Grandprix in Singapore, the â€Å"Singapore Brand† would greatly benefit from it. Instead of a normal day race, which many would expect it to be, the race is done at night, which makes it the first ever F1 night race to be held in the world. It would also show the world how Singapore is capable of transforming the busy downtown roads into race tracks for the car racers, in a matter of weeks. This would in turn benefit the tourism sector in Singapore. In an opening statement by Minister in Prime Minister’s Office, Second Minister for Home Affairs and Trade and Industry, Mr S Iswaran, it was said that F1 has helped Singapore attained a firm standing as a global city. From the economic point of view, the race has attracted more than 150,000 international visitors since its first race and approximately $140-$150 million tourism receipts each year. The race would be hosted in Singapore till 2017, in the coming years, the multiplier effect of the race would be significant. ? Conclusion A destination is a place where someone or something is going or being sent, and in this paper, it is the event that attracts people to the destination and at the same time, the event going to various parts of the world through different medium. More often, events are being organised in a single destination to benefit both the country and the organisers, they complement each other in their own ways. Some examples are the events elaborated above, Anuga helps bring in business people from the food industry to Cologne, and Cologne introduces itself to the world through Anuga. The F1 Grandprix in Singapore does the same. In the past, many may not know where Singapore is, some never even heard of the name, but through the hosting of F1 Grandprix, Singapore is able to showcase its wonderful skyline and its much boosted capabilities to the world. These events not only generate popularity to the destination, it also generates revenues, and many intangible benefits which can roll over many years. The three events discussed above has proven that a world-renowned event can contribute to a destination image enhancement and most importantly, allow the destination to inked its identity on the world map. How to cite How Can Events Contribute to Destination Image Enhancement?, Essay examples

The Caribbean Sea Is Geologically Separate From The North And South Am Essay Example For Students

The Caribbean Sea Is Geologically Separate From The North And South Am Essay erican continents. Together with Central America, it forms a tectonic plate which is moving W at about 4 cm a year. At the same time, the North American and South American plates, which lie under the continents and the eastern half of the Atlantic Ocean, are moving W. Most of the Caribbean islands are close to the boundaries of the Caribbean plate. Plate boundaries are geologically active; this is why most parts of the Caribbean experience earthquakes from time to time, and why there are a number of active volcanoes in the region. We will write a custom essay on The Caribbean Sea Is Geologically Separate From The North And South Am specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Windward islands, along the eastern boundary of the plate, are the most volcanically active area. This is because they lie over a subduction zone, where the Caribbean plate is being pushed E, over the edge of the Atlantic portions of the North American and South American plates. Sediments from the ocean floor are drawn down below the surface. They melt, and move up towards the surface as magma. Where a plume of magma reaches the surface, a volcanic island is formed. There are active volcanoes on Montserrat (where the local population has been evacuated from the S to the N because of eruptions since 1995); St Vincent and Guadeloupe (both called the Soufri?re, because of the strong smell of sulphur); and Martinique, of course, has Mont Pel?e, which wiped out the city of St Pierre on 8 May 1902. There is also a submarine volcano with the picturesque name of Kick ?Em Jenny, to the N of Grenada. All the Windwards, and most of the Leeward Islands, have clear signs of geologically recent volcanic activity, and could become active again in the future. There are recognisable volcanic craters, hot springs, solfataras (of which St Lucias famous ?drive-in-volcano, also called Soufri?re, is one example), and the famous ?boiling lake on Dominica. Barbados is not a volcanic island. It lies more directly on the plate boundary, and is formed by a wedge of sediments which are being pushed upwards as the plates move together. The surface rocks in most of Barbados are the remains of old coral reefs which grew as the water over this wedge of sediments became shallow. The eastern part of Guadeloupe, Grande Terre, and the small island of Marie Galante were formed in much the same way. The oldest rocks in the Greater Antilles: Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico, were formed about 70 million years ago, when the Caribbean plate was moving N, and there was a line of volcanic islands along the plate boundary. There are no active volcanoes in this part of the Caribbean now, because the plate is no longer moving N. But there is intense faulting and fracturing of the crust as the Caribbean plate moves E, past the southern boundary of the North American plate. This faulting has thrust these three large islands up above sea level. The rocks in the Greater Antilles have also been folded by earth movements. The combination of folding and faulting has produced a hilly and sometimes mountainous landscape. Large areas of Puerto Rico and Jamaica are also covered by limestone, which was formed about 30 million years ago when this part of the earths crust was below sea level. The island of Jamaica is now being gradually tilted to the S ? the N coast is being pushed up above sea level, and the S drowned. Off the coast of southern Jamaica, there are large areas of relatively shallow sea which were land when sea levels were about 30m lower than they now are, during the ice ages of the past million years. Cuba and the Bahamas are part of the North American plate. Southern Cuba is mountainous, and strongly affected by the plate boundary. .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b , .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b .postImageUrl , .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b , .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b:hover , .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b:visited , .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b:active { border:0!important; } .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b:active , .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6ece4ab33d553e39353053eac79d273b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: System of Government in the Philippines During Sample Essay But the rest of Cuba and the Bahamas are geologically quite stable, and are formed mainly of limestone. The Bahamas are on a section of crust which has been stretched and weakened over the past 120 million years as the North American plate moved away from the African plate and the Atlantic Ocean became wider. For the whole of this period, the Bahamas has formed a shallow tropical sea. Evaporation from the warm sea surface causes the concentration of calcium carbonate on the water to become very high, so tiny grains of this mineral, ooliths, form and collect on the sea bed. These grains form a rock known as oolite. The Bahama Banks are a platform of oolite several kilometres thick. During the glacial periods, sea level fell, and the Banks became enormous islands. Sand dunes which formed in the ice ages solidified, and remained above sea level when the ice melted and the sea rose again, to form the present-day Bahama islands. To the S, Trinidad and Tobago were joined to the South American mainland when sea levels were low in the ice ages, hence the richness and variety of their plant and animal life. The boundary between the South American and Caribbean plate actually runs through N Trinidad, so these islands are another earthquake zone. There are also signs of early volcanic activity on Tobago, though not from a geologically recent period. Many Caribbean coastlines are being pushed upwards by earth movements: Barbados, the N coast of Jamaica, NW Haiti for example. Along many of these emergent coastlines, the land rises in a series of steps, each one marking an old coastline and a fossil coral reef. Where the land is being slowly submerged, as along the S coast of Jamaica, in the Bahamas, Antigua, and many of the Windwards, there is an indented coast with many offshore islands. Some shallow bays in these areas are being filled in by mud and other sediments; this makes interesting wetland wildlife. The Guianas on the South American mainland are by contrast geologically very stable, and are formed of ancient rocks several thousands of millions of years old. Guyanas gold and diamonds are derived from these ancient rocks. In the coastal belt of the Guianas, however, there is a layer of geologically more recent river-borne and marine sediments over the ancient rocks. This includes fertile silt, disastrously infertile white silica sands, and, below the surface in some areas, valuable bauxite deposits.

The Mexican American War free essay sample

It was a concept which heavily influenced American policy in the 1800s. The idea was the driving force behind the rapid expansion of America into the West from the East, and it was heavily promoted in newspapers, posters, and through other mediums. This was also a huge problem in the war because Mexico did not want the U. S. A to annex Texas and Oregon. That’s kind of how the war started. Now to refer to the second question, how was manifest destiny achieved by the Americans? Well, manifest density was achieved after the war. First the U. S gained land from the Louisiana Purchase, and then it annexed Texas and Oregon, and finally it got more land from the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty gave the United States the Rio Grande boundary for Texas, and gave the U. S. ownership of California, and a large area comprising New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mexican American War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page America got to buy all this land for just $15 million dollars. Back in the day, that was really expensive. Mexico didn’t want to sign the treaty because they were going to give away a lot of land that was worth more than $15 million dollars. The U. S also bought the Louisiana Purchase for $15 million, from France. Last but not least, we must answer the third question which is, how did manifest destiny show the determination of the American people. This question should be reversed. American nationalism  gave rise to  Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny is a by-product of the fallacy on which the United States started. It was the right that justified the right to acquisition. Manifest Destiny was a slogan to define American Nationalism. Its purpose served as a message to all the other countries. Manifest destiny was also what gave more Americans the courage to stand up and fight for their land. In conclusion, we have answered many important questions such as what was manifest destiny, how was manifest destiny achieved by American, and how did it show the determination of the American people? All these questions lead to the answer of why the Mexican American war started.

What do we learn from To Kill a Mockingbird about life and attitudes in the 1930s and how important is the setting to the novel Essay Example

What do we learn from To Kill a Mockingbird about life and attitudes in the 1930s and how important is the setting to the novel Essay Example What do we learn from To Kill a Mockingbird about life and attitudes in the 1930s and how important is the setting to the novel Paper What do we learn from To Kill a Mockingbird about life and attitudes in the 1930s and how important is the setting to the novel Paper Essay Topic: Literature To Kill a Mockingbird Woman of Colour Novel To Kill a Mockingbird is one of the most influential pieces of literature concerning such sensitive issues as racism and class prejudice. The novel, written by Harper Lee, was published in the 1960s, but was set in 1930s America. The novel was set during the time of the depression, and at a time of extreme racism in the US. The publishing of the novel coincided with the 60s Civil Rights Movement, which brought back some of the issues in history, some of which are mentioned in the novel. This novel is written in the first person, through the young and innocent eyes of Scout, growing up in Maycomb town in the 30s, and as it is written from the point of view of a young child, it helps the reader to crack through the facade of the town to see the true poverty and detriment. Throughout the novel, we learn not just about a young girls personality and problems as she grows up in a troubled time, but also about the social strata of Maycomb, how rumours and superstitions are spread and accepted so easily, and, most importantly, we learn about the prejudice, seen in many forms, that is embedded in society. Maycomb is set in the south of America, which influences the attitudes of people in the town deeply. Though slavery had been abolished 70 years before the setting of the novel, white people in the south still harboured their feelings about black people. The black people were not enslaved by the white people anymore, but they were still treated with disrespect by the white people, being referred to often as trash. They were segregated into the lowest class, and could not move up the social ladder because of the colour of their skin. They lived separately from the white people, and were forced to have laborious and menial jobs jobs that the white people did not want. Their living conditions were sordid, they could not vote and could hardly ever go to school. Americas opinion of slavery divided it into half the north treated every black person like it would a white person, whereas in the south, where Maycomb is, black people were the lowest kind of society. Because of this division, black people often moved northwards, where they could get a good job, good education, and be treated with respect. An example of this is when Mr Dolphus Raymond sends two of his mixed children up to the northern half of America because of the disrespect that they receive in Maycomb: hes shipped two of his up north. They dont mind em up north This shows that, even though they have a different skin colour, they still get respected in the north, in contrast to the south. Lee helps us to picture Maycomb by her vivid descriptions throughout the novel, and we learn quite a lot about life and attitudes in Alabama from Scout. She tells us about how Maycomb is a tired old town where People moved slowly . Lee uses personification when describing the town of Maycomb to bring it to life. Scout views Maycomb as a boring town: There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County. Scout The repetition of no and nothing emphasises how little the town has. We can also see in this quotation that Maycomb has been made poor by the effects of the depression, something not uncommon among small towns like hers in 30s America. We see the town as superstitious, especially against black people and the Radleys (Boo Radley in particular). We see from this quotation: but the nuts lay untouched by the children [of the Maycomb school]: Radley pecans would kill you. that the superstition is drummed into the heads of even young children in the town. Scout relays to us how racist Maycomb can be at times. When the sheriff decides the fate of Boo Radley after he stabbed his father in the leg, he says that: The sheriff hadnt the heart to put him [Boo Radley] in jail alongside Negroes which shows us the separation of blacks and whites that people had to abide to during this time. Another example of the division between black and white people is shown when the children go to First Purchase, the church of the black people, with their black maid Calpurnia and encounter Lula May: why you bringin white chillun to nigger church [the white people] got their church, we got ourn. It is our church, aint it, Miss Cal? Lula May This shows that the racism in the town was not one-sided, and it was not just white people that were hateful and had their feelings about the other race black people were sometimes prejudiced against white people, too. Lee includes this to balance the hatred between the two sides. By writing through the eyes of young Scout, Lee helps us see clearly the prejudice, rumours and the various strata of society within the town. By the end of the novel, Scout sees through all of the prejudice to the real human inside every Maycomb Town citizen, whatever race, class or gender. She believes in the morals her father brings her up with: that it is what is inside someone that makes them a good person; the way you look or the place you come from should not determine what sort of person you are: Jem, I think that theres just one kind of folks. Folks. Jem, being the older Finch child, is more mature and has lived in Maycomb for longer that Scout has, and so understands why people are so prejudiced against each other. He helps Scout to understand why this is because he felt the same when he was her age: he realizes her child innocence is very idealistic in comparison to what life in the town is actually like quite the opposite: If theres just one kind of folks, why cant they get along with each other? If theyre all alike, why do they go out of their way to despise each other? Growing up in Maycomb helps Jems perspective on attitudes, character and behaviour to widen. He realises how divided the society of Maycomb actually is, and how people are grouped into certain classes according to how they look, where they come from, or how they do things. Though Maycomb boasts about how tightly-knit their community is, it is in fact segregated into several different classes. Depending on their status, a person would live by the unofficial laws of their class: Theres four kinds of folks in the world. Theres ordinary kind like us and the neighbours, theres the kind like the Cunninghams out in the woods, the kind like the Ewells down at the dump, and the Negroes. The order in which Jem lists the divisions and classes shows the order of each divisions importance in Maycomb: white people are the highest class in the town, down to the black people, who are the lowest class. This shows how people in the higher classes are more authoritive, treated with more respect and less prejudice than people of a lower class because of their skin colour, where they live or the ir different customs or way of life. Very few people can accept people of a different class, and so go out of their way just to be prejudiced against them. These social divisions in Maycomb fuel the reasons for the community to be prejudiced and racist against people of other classes, something not very uncommon in southern America during the 30s. The racism even influences children, like Scout and other children of her age. Though she does not consciously act racist, the racism deep inside her sometimes shows through. Even though she is brought up under the morals of her almost perfect father, and taught about how evil racism is, she sometimes say racist comments without actually being aware of it. She subconsciously says nigger and asks her father regularly if he does defend niggers . The black community is often treated with disrespect and words such as nigger are also widely used, even by children as young as Scout. The Finches housekeeper, Calpurnia, is probably the only black person in the whole novel treated with respect. She acts as a motherly figure, and as a substitute mother to the Finch children. The day that old Tim Johnson, the rabid dog, comes down the street toward the Radley house, everyone is concerned about his or her safety, especially Calpurnia. She rushes to the Radley front door to warn them of the dog coming their way: We watched Calpurnia running towards the Radley place She went up to the front steps and banged on the door Shes supposed to go round the back. During this time in 1930s deep south America, the front door of the houses of white people was only to be used by white people; black people were not important enough to use the front door, so they were forced to only use the back door. Scout questions Calpurnias use of the front door, even in the severe situation that they are in. Rumours usually do spread quickly in small towns like Maycomb, but in Maycomb they sprea d like wildfire. Hardly any rumour is doubted, and rumours about black people are never doubted. The divisions between the white and the black communities are one of the most important themes throughout the novel. If a crime is committed in Maycomb and one of the suspects present is black, the one who is black is always the guilty one, whether he actually committed the crime or not. As well as racism, another theme running through the course of the novel is sexism. One of the main sexist attitudes is when Aunt Alexandra demands that Scout wear dresses instead of trousers: [Aunt Alexandra said] I could not possibly hope to be a lady if I wore breeches; when I said I could do nothing in a dress, she said I wasnt supposed to be doing things that required pants. This opinion is very stereotypical of girls and women at that time. Aunt Alexandra wants Scout to dress like a girl and not do activities that needed trousers because she wants Scout to be trim and proper something very conventional at the time . The argument over Scout and her tomboy ways arise again later in the novel when Aunt Alexandra moves into the Finch household. Her reason for moving in is because Scout needs, as she puts it, some feminine influence, adding that: It wont be many years, Jean Louise, before you become interested in clothes and boys. This shows how she thinks that Scout is growing up and becoming a young woman, showing the typical assumption that every young woman is interested in clothes and boys. Another sexist remark in the novel is when the religious white foot-washer community of Maycomb tell Miss Maudie women are a sin by definition. They say this to show how women are often ill-treated because the Bible doesnt say that women are decent. Everyone living in Maycomb always wonder about the local shut-in who has stayed in his house on order of his father and never left it since he was a teenager especially Scout and her older brother Jem. The Finch children, teaming up with their newly acquired friend Dill, try in every way possible to encounter the man that they nickname Boo. After hearing a gunshot from the Radley garden, they run away from their property. Within a few minutes, the whole community of Maycomb Town is awake, and rumours are flying around about who or what that broke in to the Radley back garden and made Nathan Radley fire this gunshot. Miss Stephanie Crawford, the towns gossip queen, suggests the first idea of the culprit, something almost everyone was thinking about: Shot in the air. Scared him pale, though. Says if anybody sees a white nigger around, thats the one. This quotation shows prejudice against the black people in the society. Three white children, curious about a town rumour, would be the last group of people on the list of culprits and a black person would probably be top of the list. Black people were made to be scapegoats and were associated with crime in Maycomb. According to Miss Stephanie, Mr Nathan Radley saw someone with white coloured skin lurking around in his garden, but instead of guessing it was a white person (the obvious answer), Miss Stephanie jumps to the conclusion that the person must have been a black person scared pale. A similar incidence is when Miss Tutti and Miss Frutti accuse a group of black people they saw in town earlier in the day of stealing their furniture, when really the real culprits were a group of white children but the thought of a group of white people moving around their furniture as a prank never passed through their minds. Not only is the black community prejudiced against, but also anyone who is different in any way: by race, background, way of life, or where they live: Miss Caroline printed her name on the blackboard and said I am from North Alabama from Winston County. The class murmured apprehensively should she prove to harbour her share of peculiarities indigenous to that region. Though the new teacher is white, she is an alien of Maycomb County, and consequently rumours about her and what she is like start to fly as soon as she says this to the class. Even though she is from deep south Alabama, she is still prejudiced against because she is not from the tightly exclusive county of Maycomb. This theme of prejudice against anything or anyone different in any way runs throughout the whole novel. Another example of this is the way everyone starts to treat Boo Radley and his property. Though hardly any of them have ever met the man, rumours and stories have been passed through families and friends for so long that it has become virtually impossible to make a distinction between what is truth and what are lies. Even mature adults begin to believe in the rumours. The young children nickname him Boo after they refer to him as a malevolent phantom. He is the character alleged to have terrorised the community, and is responsible for the crimes of the town by causing trouble at night, such as wilting prized flowers and killing chickens but no one look realistically for rational reasons, such as that maybe frost killed the flowers, and foxes killed the chickens. Maycomb is proud of itself and its ways but refuses to see the rumours and problems right under their nose in their own community. The Missionary Tea Societies are hosted for groups of women to gather and attempt to solve problems of other communities and give aid to those people in need of their help. They are openly willing to talk about the problems about tribes in Africa, such as the Mrunas, but refuse to talk about the problems right on their doorstep within their own town. Maycomb is full of hypocrites they can point out anything wrong with another group of people, but never admit their own faults: born hypocrites, Mrs Merriweather was saying. At least we dont have that sin on our shoulders down here At least we dont have the deceit to say to em yes youre as good as we are but stay away from us. Down here we just say you live you way and well live ours. Mrs Merriweather, like many others in Maycomb, believes that a black person is always evil, no matter what they are actually like, and that they have absolutely no morals. They will willingly help out the Mruna people and others like them in Africa; they will openly raise money for them and believe that the work of the missionaries will change their ways, but will not welcome nor offer help and assistance to the black people in their own community. Not a white personll go near em [the Mruna people] [they live in] poverty the darkness the immorality This is very hypocritical of Mrs Merriweather, as the black community in Maycomb also live poverty just like the people of the Mruna tribe in Africa but the missionary society does not recognise this and does not help the black community in their own town. The children of the community are brainwashed to be prejudiced against some people via the school system. They are told that the persecution of the Jewish is wrong, but for all the wrong reasons. Walter Cunningham questions this on the grounds that even the Jewish people are white. The persecution of white people is a crime against humanity, but no one jumps up to suggest that the persecution of the black community is wrong. Very few people would, as most of the County practise poor treatment towards the black community anyway. One of the main plots in the novel is when Atticus, Scout and Jems father, has a court case defending the black man Tom Robinson, who is accused of raping a white woman named Mayella Ewell. It is also a peak of racism and illustrates Maycomb in its true prejudiced ways. The Ewell family is one of the lowest classes but not as low as the black people, so even they could look down at the black community the way that most of Maycomb did. Atticus summarises the tension between the white community and the black community in the case in a simple statement: The case is as simple as black and white. This statement shows the court that the decision that Tom Robinson is innocent should be a simple and easy choice but in doing this it would be choosing black over white something unthinkable in this time in Maycomb (and generally the whole of the south of America). This is representative not only of Alabama at the time, but of the racial hatred continuing through generations from centuries before. Even before the trial has started, Tom has to be kept in high security, for fear of racial unrest occurring. In the eyes of every white person in town, Tom is guilty ever since Bob Ewell accused him of raping his daughter. Atticus fights hard for the case, and though all the evidence points towards Toms innocence, he was still proven guilty but not because of the case. He was guilty of being black. This shows that the setting of the novel, both in place and time, is vital to exemplify the deep line of hatred, prejudice and racism running through what appears at first glance to be an innocent, safe community. Through the eyes of Scout growing up in a deeply divided society, the reader can see through the proud exterior to the real sin and evil, disguised in the forms of prejudice and racism that changed the world.

Impressive Expository Essay Examples for Your Inspiration Online Writing Help

Impressive Expository Essay Examples for Your Inspiration Online Writing Help An expository essay is a type of written discourse that serves the purpose of explaining, describing and providing information to the reader. What Is an Expository Essay? An expository essay is a type of written discourse that serves the purpose of explaining, describing and providing information to the reader. This is a simple expository essay definition. Expository essays can also be fairly accurately termed ‘information’ or ‘informative’ essays. 50 MOST POPULAR EXPOSITORY ESSAY TOPICS If you are looking for expository essay examples here are the best ones below. Read and enjoy! Expository Essay Example on Cultural Diversity Cultural Diversity as It Is Today, most people recognize cultural diversity and contend it as an intrinsic good. Cultural diversity can be defined as the difference among individuals as well as groups involving the place of origin, age, culture, languages and physical abilities. Moreover, factors such as gender, class, religion, professional occupation and academic knowledge can also be considered. Notably, organizations should not only pay attention to the definition of diversity in the workplace only because of its scope. Therefore, the issue of cultural diversity should be addressed from various angles to ensure that it is understood by everyone. Cultural difference can be contended as a basic component that emerges from the intercultural interaction. Therefore, cultural identity can be described as the identification for communications of a shared system of symbolic verbal behavior that are significant to the group members who have a sense of belonging as well as common traditions, heritage, language as well as similar norms of behavior. For instance, during communication, different messages ranging from eye contact to turn taking are sometimes factors that lead to intercultural conflict. Therefore, feelings such as conflict, frustration, confusion as well as embarrassment are feelings displayed during rigid cultural communication. Ethnic identity, on the other hand, is a set of self-ideas regarding one’s ethnic membership. Ethnic identity has to do with components such as self-identification, knowledge concerning ethnic culture such as traditions, customs, values as well as behaviors; moreover, ethnic identity involv es the feelings of belonging to a group. Pros and Cons of Cultural Diversity Cultural diversity has displayed extensive the complex consequences. Concerning the positive effects, it is possible for one to generate arguments about its valuable contribution to the society. Firstly, about the long-term perspective, it is evident that all the positive impacts contribute to sustainable differentiation by developing higher creativity, innovation, as well as productivity. At the same time, cultural diversity has its shortcomings. The negative effects of cultural diversity can be classified into various levels in an organization. Adverse impacts on the cognitive as well as behavioral level can be associated with individuals. While at team levels, the negative effects may manifest themselves into the problems of communication. Cultural Diversity in the USA According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2009 the American population was 80% white, 16% Hispanic 13% African-American, 5% Asian, 1% American Indian and 0.2% Native Hawaiian. It is important to note that each race contains various ethnic groups. The large numbers of the ethnic population can be credited to the significant immigrant population. Geographically, in the South as well as West, there are specific areas that have large portions of the total population that are a minority. Notably, close to half of the people in the West was a minority in 2010. California emerges as the state that contains the largest minority population at 22.3 million. Additionally, the years between 2000 and 2010, Texas joined California, the District of Columbia, Hawaii as well as New Mexico in having the largest population of the minority. Here, more than 50% of the population was part of the minority group. Additionally, the examination of racial as well as ethnic group distributions countrywide, assert that while the non-Hispanic white alone population is still the largest major race as well as an ethnic group in the United States, however, it is growing at the slowest rate. On the other hand, the Hispanic and Asian populations have grown extensively in part because of moderately higher levels of immigration. Cultural Diversity Does Matter Culture is the lens with which individuals in a society assess everything around them, therefore. Cultural diversity matters. Culture enables people to analyze what is proper or improper, what is viewed as normal or insane. Notably, when one encounters or associates himself with a culture that is not his, he may get a shock or get disoriented due to the different culture. Therefore, most individuals employ their culture as a basis to judge other cultures, thus the risk of people beginning to discriminate other’s way of life. Thus the need for cultural diversity, America as a country, workplaces as well as well as schools gradually consisting of people of various cultural, racial as well as ethnic groups (Belfield). Therefore, as a diverse society, we can learn from one another and acknowledge different perspectives within the world in which we live. Moreover, it aids in eliminating negative stereotypes as well as personal biases regarding different groups. Conclusively, any society should support cultural diversity to make it a more interesting place to stay. As people interact with one another, bridges are built of respect as well as trust. Thus understanding across cultures. Values should not be imposed open people from different cultures, and people should emulate proactive listening and accepting people with ideas that are not different from their own. Ultimately, each should support the idea that each person can make a distinct contribution to a diverse society. 6 STEPS TO WRITE A GREAT EXPOSITORY ESSAY Expository Essay Example on Communication Skills Why Do We Need Communication? Humans rely on communication to coexist and live in harmony. Without communication, it would be difficult if not impossible to have conservations. It has played a fundamental role in bonding individuals, reinforcing relationships and sustaining the society. Communication is the way through which information is conveyed from one party to the other through various forms. Communication can be achieved through different ways including word of mouth, in writing as well as through nonverbal signs. However, other than exchanging information, communicating is a skill that is vital in our lives since it controls a lot of our daily activities. It is crucial in forming relations ranging from cultural to an individual as well as making it easier for people to participate in various activities in the society. Excellent communications skills are essential for survival and make it easier for one to succeed in whatever they do in their lives. Leaders that happen to be most celebrated are believed to have mastered these skills and used them to direct, influence and motivate their followers or subordinates and this eventually always leads to achieving more fulfilling results in any endeavor.   These skills are needed in both our personal as well as our professional lives to building relations and identify opportunities, both of which are a necessity for one to succeed. The Art of Communication The art of communication requires certain skills to ensure one can effectively converse and interact with people. They can be developed and perfected with constant practice and confidence while communicating in any way or any given setting. One of the most critical skill is the ability to be a good listener since it makes it easy to interact with the audience as they seek clarification or contribute to a given agenda. Listening makes it possible for individuals to understand each other as they communicate (Communication). Another skill is ensuring that one is very clear and brief as this will make sure your audience does not lose you in the process of interacting. Nonverbal communication skills are a critical element in any communication. One should be able to maintain an approachable demeanor and avoiding body language that shows a lack of concern. Having the right attitude is also another skill that facilitates effective communication as it ensures the information is received well by the audience. A good communicator should have the ability also to accommodate what other people say and avoid being assertive and only interested in making sure you put your idea across. Hence, open-mindedness is an additional communication skill that is treasured. Being confident, maintaining eye contact and being respectful are other skills that make a good communicator. Confidence while maintaining eye contact will make individuals keen to follow the interaction while respect will make it less strenuous for others to express their opinions freely. Use of gestures when communicating ensures that the message gets through to the audience as they feel engaged during the conversation (Communication). Being able to give feedback in the process of passing information effectively is also an essential skill in communication as it makes the process more interactive and the well understood. The above communication skills are among the ten most valuable skills that guarantee effective com munication. How to Develop Communication Skills? The process of developing excellent communication skills requires one to keep on practicing constantly. One is required these skills as much as possible, perfecting them with time and eventually becoming a confident and experienced communicator. The clarity and choice of words are very vital as one develops their skills in communication (Skills). One should ensure that they understand the words they decide to use and they can clearly say these words. The words should also be appropriate depending mainly on the type of audience that one is addressing. Consistency in using these skills in the right way when communicating helps the improvement skills, and in the course interaction, one can easily notice a good versus a poor communicator (Communication). The right tone should be used depending on the message to be conveyed, friendly tones can be used for a friendly interaction but should be avoided when one is trying to send a serious message (Skills). When strictly observed the above co uld greatly help an individual to be well versed and confident when using these communication skills. In general, when one has developed their skills in communication, they tend to attract more opportunities in life. They have more connections both socially and professionally and these advantages if well used can lead to a better life. A good communicator can easily get promoted at the workplace into managerial positions since they will easily be able to pass important information to their subordinates. When one has developed their communication skills, they are better placed to seek assistance in time need or while in danger and easily get help compared to individuals who can hardly express themselves or clearly the situation. It is, therefore, important for people to focus on making their communication skills better as this skill will make life easier and bring more opportunities their way. If you are looking for an excellent expository essay that will be written according to your requirements, will contain proper formatting, language, and structure, feel free to contact our writing staff and  place your order  with us.

School violence Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School violence - Term Paper Example Those kids that perpetually commit violent acts towards classmates are more likely to use drugs and alcohol, to quit going to school altogether and go on to be involved in criminal behaviour later in life. Children who are often the victims of schoolyard violence tend to experience more stress in their lives which leads to higher levels of anxiety, depression, physical illnesses and thoughts of suicide than those that do not. For both bully and bullied, these actions negatively affect learning potentials and retards personal development. The seemingly never ending cycle of intimidating actions works to tear apart the underpinnings of a civil society from the bottom up. The reason children act out violently towards others is because they have been treated with disrespect or have been bullied themselves. A pattern of poor social adjustment perpetuates itself from one child to another and from one generation to the next. Factors including an unstable household, pressures from school and the perceived feeling of control as well as the individual characteristics of impulsivity, a low self-esteem and a lack of self control are predictors of violent behaviors.

Human gene Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human gene - Essay Example This paper attempts to explore the organization, structure, history and regulatory elements associated with the GALT gene, and understand how a mutation will lead to occurrence of galactosemia. GALT is the official symbol for the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase gene. The position of GALT is 13 on the shorter p arm of the chromosome 9. The more exact molecular positioning of GALT on chromosome 9 can be described as starting at base pair 34,646,585 till ending at base pair 34,650,594 (Genetics Home Reference). The organization of GALT encompasses 11 exons spanning approximately 4-4.3 kb. The GALT gene encodes proteins with a 43 kDa molecular mass, consisting of about 379 amino acids length. Two molecules or a dimer make up an active GALT enzyme and contain a molecular mass of around 88 kDa. It has been found that disruption in the Q188R region is the most common mutation found to cause classic galactosemia with a relative frequency of 60%. It is because a His-Pro-His motif is present at exon 6 in the functional site, which significantly impairs the entire gene functioning if mutation occurs proximal to this region of the gene (Calderon, 939-40). People with classic galactosemia have been identified with over 180 mutations in the GALT gene. The structural illustration of GALT gene is presented in fig 01. Figure 01. GALT Gene Structure. Source: AGCOH (2009). The genetic deficiency is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner requiring the copy of GALT sequence from both carrier parents (Elsas). Though the incidence rate of GALT deficiency is different among nations, about 1 in every 62 000 has been estimated in pan-ethnic populations. The incidence rate in travelers from the Irish populations is also significant (Murphy et al., 550). The GALT gene is responsible for the synthesis of GALT enzyme in the liver. The GALT enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of galactose-1-phosphate into available glucose as an energy source in the second step of the Leloir metaboli sm pathway (Reichardt, 194). Galactose is a product of the larger sugar Lactose found in all milk and dairy products. The reaction also produces UDP-galactose that is further employed in the formation of sugar containing proteins and fats. These galactose-containing proteins and fats have multiple roles in various body functions such as chemical signaling pathways, construction of cell structure, molecule transportation and energy production (Genetics Home Reference). The GALT enzyme reveals a ping-pong, bi-bi kinetics that describes the binding of one domain of enzyme with uridine diphosphate (UDP) glucose, which forms enzyme-UDP-glucose intermediate. The uridine monophosphate stays attached to GALT and the glucose-1-phosphate becomes free. The GALT uridine monophosphate then binds galactose-l-phosphate to develop GALT-UDP-galactose. The UDP-galactose becomes free of the GALT, and allows it to cycle the next reaction (Elsas and Lai, 40). The failure of GALT enzyme to metabolize gal actose results in building up of Galactose-1-phosphate to toxic levels in the body, which can give rise to several health issues such as jaundice, feeding issues, weight faltering, liver damage, bleeding, hyperammonemia, sepsis, infections, cataracts, dyspraxia, ovarian failure, and neural abnormalities

The Epistemology of Hume and Kant Essay Example for Free

The Epistemology of Hume and Kant Essay According to David Hume, the perceptions of the mind can be divided into two classes that are â€Å"distinguished by their different degrees of force and vivacity† (Hume, 2, 12). These two classes Hume designates as Thoughts (or Ideas) and Impressions. Ideas are â€Å"less lively perceptions† and Impressions are the â€Å"more lively perceptions. † Kant assumes that Ideas are merely weaker copies of Impressions. According to Hume, â€Å"the most lively thought is still inferior to the dullest sensation† (2, 11 par. 1). The remembrance of perception is merely a copy of actual perception, and all ideas are merely weaker copies of Impressions. Hume explains that it will seem that thought is unbounded and limitless, but actually thought is â€Å"confined within very narrow limits. † The apparent boundless creativity of the mind comes from â€Å"compounding, transposing, augmenting, or diminishing the materials afforded us by the senses and experience† (2, 13 par. 1-2). By this Hume means that no matter how far-fetched the products of imagination becomes, all ideas are connected and ultimately traceable to an Impression or Impressions. (3, 18). According to Hume, the mind normally connects ideas with each other through one or more of three basic principles: Resemblance, Contiguity, and Cause-and-Effect (3, 19), and that â€Å"all reasonings concerning matter of fact seem to be founded on the relation of Cause and Effect. † (4. 1, 22). However, Hume claims knowledge of cause and effect, without exception, is never attained by a priori reasoning. All knowledge of cause and effect comes entirely from experience. (4. 1, 23 par. 2). â€Å"Every effect is a distinct event from its cause. It could not, therefore, be discovered in the cause. † (4. 1, 25, par. 2). All reasoning can be categorized into two: demonstrative reasoning (concerning relations of ideas) and (intuitive) moral reasoning (concerning matter of fact and existence). Hume points out that all thought concerning existence are based on cause-and-effect, which in turn is based entirely on experience. Any conclusions that we derive from experience are based on the assumption that events of the future will conform to events of the past. (4. 2, 30 par. 2). However, this is not intuitive nor demonstrative (4. 2, 32). For instance, there is no process of argument through which, for instance, a person can conclude that whenever a billiard ball is hit by another billiard ball, it will move. (4. 2, 33 par 2). Even a highly intelligent person who for the first time observes the world would witness a sequence of events but would not be able to determine any cause and effect relationships between what he witnesses. â€Å"Such a person, without more experience, could never employ his conjecture or reasoning concerning any matter of fact, or be assured of anything beyond what was immediately present to his memory and senses. † But eventually, through experience, he will be able to form conclusions about the cause-and-effect relationships of events and objects. (5. 1, 35 par 1). According to Hume, the principle through which a person can form these conclusions is Custom or Habit (5. 1, 36). Hume’s concluding words are that any piece of literature that does not have â€Å"abstract reasoning concerning quantity or number† nor â€Å"experimental reasoning concerning matter of fact and existence† â€Å"†¦can contain nothing but sophistry and illusion. † The nature of knowledge according to Immanuel Kant For Immanuel Kant, knowledge (and thus reality) is constructed by the mind, not passively derived through the senses. In other words, the mind shapes the world. Kants Critique of Pure Reason is an attempt to answer the problems of the nature of knowledge—what it is and how it is obtained. Kant looks at the relationship between a priori knowledge, or knowledge based on reason alone, and a posteriori knowledge, or knowledge gained from the world. According to Kant, we have a priori intuitions and concepts. We have innate, logical knowledge, and this knowledge enables us to grasp a posteriori knowledge, to â€Å"understand† the external world. For example, Kants view is that space and time are just mental constructs, that space and time are forms of seeing, which serves as a precept to our experiences (Kant, a20-a23, a25-a38). Another example is the notion of causality, which in Kants view is a form of organizing mechanism that we impose upon nature to render it understandable (2a1-2a19). Kant argued that reality, as we perceive it, cannot be accounted for purely by sense perception. Kant holds that what we refer to and perceive as the external world is an artifice of the mind. His argument is that the mind itself contributes substantially to, and even synthesizes, its own knowledge (i11). According to Kant, the appearances of things are â€Å"objects of intuition†, which is one form of (mental) representation. For him this includes physical sensations (such as pain). Kants view is that appearances do not exist by themselves, but only relatively to external reality. That is, appearances do not exist independently of the human power of representation (t21). According to this view, the world, as we perceive it, is not actual reality, but is a phenomenon of actual reality as constructed by the mind. He argues that the shape of an object, for example, does not come from the object itself, but comes from us, as a result of interaction with the object Sensory input needs to be processed and recognized through the filter of the mind or it would not mean anything to us. For Kant, there are things-in-themselves, which exist independently of the human mind, and appearances, which exist only in the mind. The existence of appearances, according to Kant, entails the existence of things-in-themselves, but not in the way that we know. Thus, since the existence of things-in-themselves is just a hypothesis, the relationship of our perceptions to actual reality remains suspect, and we can never really be sure if what we perceive are not just purely constructs of the mind (p38). Hence, for him, we can never really know the â€Å"true† reality, because this reality is only perceived as it is filtered through our senses, senses that structure reality. We can only gain knowledge of appearances. Criticism of Hume There are some important difficulties in Hume’s work that he fails to address. One flaw in Hume’s arguments that Kant points out is that one of Hume’s fundamental assumptions is that perceptions (or Impressions) correspond exactly to the â€Å"real† world, although for many other philosophers the very nature of reality was a problem. Another is that Hume assumes that all knowledge comes from experience, but the notion of causation and necessity are also not explained by Hume, who claims that everything that one knows is ultimately traceable to the senses. It can be argued that the perception of causation and necessity come from a priori knowledge. References Hume, David. â€Å"An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. † 23 Dec 2006. http://www. gutenberg. org/dirs/etext06/8echu10. txt. Kant, Immanuel. â€Å"Critique of Pure Reason. †

Execution as an Appropriate Deterrent to Crime :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Execution as an Appropriate Deterrent to Crime Execution is an appropriate punishment for people convicted of premeditated murder, rape, treason or child molestation. By allowing these people to live in prisons for their whole lives, taxpayers' money is being wasted. More money is spent on providing for convicts than is spent on disadvantaged children in the United States. New prisons also have to be built, using taxpayers' money, to house convicts. Those prisoners who are there for life should be executed, creating more room for other criminals without having to build more prisons. Execution would also lessen the level of violent crime because felons would not want to die. By making and example of people who are executed for murder, child molestation or rape, other people considering committing these crimes might be deterred. One needs to consider that it costs a lot to execute people. Also, a person executed might be innocent. Once someone is killed, there is no way to bring him back. There is also really no way to compensate the family for the mistake. By letting people live and not executing them, there is no risk that they execute an innocent person. There are other, more meaningful ways to punish people without killing them. By having a murderer make restitution to the surviving family members, he will have to consider what he did every day of his life. If the murderer is executed, it is over and the family will not be compensated. Also, working in jails and building new ones creates jobs for other people. Others also look at the moral issues. A constant truth everyone is taught is that two wrongs don't make it right. By executing people, some interpret it as saying that two wrongs do make it right. The executioner is also a murderer though he does it legally. The executioner must be a medical doctor , but by executing people., he is violating the Hippocratic Oath, that all doctors take, which says that he will preserve life, not destroy it. People who argue that execution is immoral have to realize that the law is above morals. Overall, it would cost less to execute someone than it would to feed, clothe, house and entertain a person for twenty years. The money saved by not having to provide for people in jails could be used to create other jobs for people.

P&G Gillette Merger

P&G-Gillette Introduction On January 28th 2005 P&G agreed to buy Gillette for $57bn (? 30). Gillette was the number 1 in razor accessories and proctor gamble was number 1 in consumer products, a marriage of the best in their respective industries. The merger of the two companies created â€Å"the world’s largest consumer products conglomerate. † Gillette was a leader in its category of razors and batteries, merging with P&G provided it access to P&G’s technology and marketing skills. P&G added Gillette razors , Right Guard deodorant and Duracell batteries to its more than 300 consumer brands, including Ivory Soap, Head and Shoulders shampoo, Pringles, Crest toothpaste and Bounty paper towels. Company Background P&G P&G a fortune 500 company headquartered at down Cincinnati, Ohio. P&G is manufacturer of wide range of consumer products ranging from Ivory Soap, Head and Shoulders shampoo, Pringles, Crest toothpaste and Bounty paper towels. P&G reported revenue of $82. 6 billion in 201. P&G was started in 1837 when William Proctor, a candlemaker, and James Gamble, a soapmaker, met in Cincinnati to become business partners and Proctor and Gamble was born. In 1858–1859, sales reached $1  million. By this point, approximately 80 employees worked for Procter & Gamble. In 1880, P&G discovered and marketed an inexpensive soap that floats on water called Ivory soap. William Arnett Procter, William Procter's grandson, started a profit sharing program with the company’s workforce in 1887. This program eliminated the chances of workers going to strike. Company opened many facilities to cover up the exponentially increasing demand. In 1920’s and 1930’s when radio because popular, P;G sponsored a number of shows and soon the radio shows were known as ‘soap operas’. P;G expanded into new countries in both areas: manufacturing and product sales and with the acquisition of Thomas Hedley co. in 1930, P;G became an international corporation. Large number of products and brand names were introduced over time, and P;G branched out into new areas. â€Å"Tide†, laundry detergent, and â€Å"Prell† shampoo was introduced by the company in 1946 and 1947 respectively. First toothpaste â€Å"Crest† containing fluoride was sold by P;G in 1955. In 1957 company branched out again with the purchase of Charmin Paper Mills and began manufacturing toilet paper and other paper products. Once again focusing on laundry, Procter ; Gamble began making â€Å"Downy† fabric softener in 1960 and â€Å"Bounce† fabric softener sheets in 1972. Prior to 1960 Johnson and Johnson were manufacturing disposable diaper called â€Å"Chrux† but P;G came out with one of the most revolutionary products on the market called â€Å"Pampers†, first test-marketed in 1961. Babies always wore cloth diapers, which were leaky and labour intensive to wash. Pampers provided a convenient alternative, albeit at the environmental cost of more waste requiring landfilling. To diversify its product line and to increase profits P;G acquired a number of companies. Some of the acquisitions included Folgers Coffee, Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals (the makers of Pepto-Bismol), Richardson-Vicks, Noxell (Noxzema), Shulton's Old Spice, Max Factor, and the Iams Company. In 1994, P&G was in top headlines, the management was placed in an unusual position of testifying in front of court in engaging with interest rate derivatives which they were not much capable to understand and incurred huge losses from that leveraged position and later on they sued the Bankers trust for the fraud. In 1996, P&G was again in headlines as Food and Drug Administration approved a new Product developed by company called Olestra. As the brand was called Olean, it was a lower-calorie substitute for fat used in cooking potato chips and other snacks but during its development stage it was associated with anal leakage and gastrointestinal difficulties in humans. On 28th January 2005 Gillette was acquired by P&G, forming the largest consumer goods company and placing Unilever into second place. This acquisition helped P&G to add new products into its product line that included brands such as Gillette razors, Duracell, Braun, and Oral-B. The European Union and the Federal Trade Commission approved the acquisition, with conditions to a spinoff of certain overlapping brands. P&G agreed to sell its Spin Brush battery-operated electric toothbrush business to Church & Dwight. P&G also divested Rembrandt a Gillette's oral-care toothpaste line. Official merger took place on October 1, 2005. The deodorant brands Right Guard, Soft ; Dri, and Dry Idea and Liquid Paper, and Gillette's stationery division, Paper Mate was sold to Dial Corporation and Newell Rubbermaid respectively. In 2008, P&G branched into the record business with its sponsorship of Tag Records, as an endorsement for TAG Body Spray. Gillette Gillette, originally founded as American Safety Razor Company, is a world leader in men grooming products as well as of women. It was founded by King Gillette who in 1895 came up with the idea of disposable razor after being frustrated by dulled old razors that required professional honing. He envisioned an inexpensive razor blade combination where blade can be clamped on the razor and once getting dulled can be replaced. After six years of innovation and engineering finally in 1901 after joining hands with a MIT machinist, William Nickerson, American Safety Razor Corp was born. In 1903 company was renamed as Gillette. Company paid the first cash dividend in 1906. Before First World War Gillette expanded abroad opening in London, first sales office was opened, manufacturing plants in Paris, Montreal, Berlin, and Leicester, England, and offices in France and Hamburg, Germany. By 1923, Income from foreign operation accounted for 30% of the total income. In 1910, Owner and President King Gillette decide to sell a major portion of his stake to investor John Joyce. Joyce was made the vice-president of the company. After his death in 1916 his friend, Edward Aldred, bought out the shares left to Joyce and took charge of the company. Gillett’s patent on safety razor expired in 1921 and company was ready for new change. Gillette introduced the â€Å"new improved† razor at the old price, and used the old style razor, renamed the Silver Brownie razor at $1, to enter the low-priced end of the market. Gillette transformed into the razor blade model by giving away razor handles as premiums with other products, developing customers for the more profitable blades. Abroad expansion also continued. In 1922 Gillette became royal purveyor to the prince of Wales and in 1924 to King Gustav V of Sweden. Gillette came into top headlines when its Paris office gave Charles Lindbergh a Gillette Gold Traveler after he completed the first transatlantic flight. Company named Auto Strop Safety Razor, owned by Henry J. Gaisman, filed suit against Gillette for patent infringement after Gillette produced a new blade using a continuous-strip process similar to one originally demonstrated to Gillette by Gaisman. Merging with Auto Strop solved the problem for Gillette but it gave birth to another problem. Gaisman checked the company's financial records and found out that Gillette had over-reported its earnings by $3 million for the past five. Stock price of Gillette fell from a high of $125 early in 1929 to $18 by end of decade. This led to the reorganization of Gillette. King Gillette resigned as nominal president and Gaisman became the new chairman of Gillette and Gerard B. Lambert, son of the founder of the Lambert Pharmacal Company and a former manager there, came out of retirement to become president of Gillette. Gillette blatantly went to market and admitted the poor quality of its old blade and came up with a blade called blue blade made by continuous-strip process. Gillette entered into sports advertising and this lead to sharp increase in the sales. In 1942 sports events held by Gillette were called ‘Gillette Cavalcade of Sports’. In 1962 Gillette faced tuff competition from the English Wilkinson Sword Company as it started exporting the stainless steel blades to United States. Gillette also faced challenges from local player in stainless steel category and was left behind in the race. Gillette was left behind and latter it jumped into and developed a new blade but at that time it had lost its market share by 10%. By 1971 Gillette had four domestic divisions: the Safety Razor Division; the Toiletries Division, which featured Right Guard deodorant and antiperspirant; the Personal Care Division; and the Paper Mate division. In mid 1970’s Gillette divested its business by selling off unprofitable business such as Buxton in 1977, Welcome Wagon in 1978, and Hyponex and the Autopoint mechanical pencil business in 1979 and pumping money into the core business. In 1986, Gillette was being pursued by Ronald Perelman, who had previously taken over Revlon. He was about to make a tender offer for Gillette, Gillette responded by paying Revlon $558million in return for Revlon not making a tender offer. This exposed the Gillette vulnerability and it resulted in Gillette going with standstill agreement with 10 different companies. Gillette had responded to various takeover threats by cutting cost and thinning the workforce. Gillette also divested its weak operations and because of it stock showed a jump by 24%. By 2004 Gillette had annual sales of $10. 5 billion and net income of $1. 7 billion. The Acquisition On January 28th 2005 P;G announced the acquisition of Gillette. As per the deal, 0. 975 shares of P;G common stock were exchanged for each share of Gillette. It accounted for 18% premium to Gillette shareholders based on the closing share prices on January 27, 2005. However, the approval by the shareholders of both Gillette and P;G was required. The merger was expected to get regulatory clearance by 2005. P;G planned to buy back $18-22 billion of its common stock in around 18 months immediately after the merger. The structure of deal came out to be 60% stock and 40% cash, although on paper it was a pure stock-swap. | The extra 18% premium paid by P;G for Gillette's stock looked like that it made 18% more difficult for the deal to pay dividends to stock holders. The problem was in buying back shares as P&G would have to borrow funds to finance this transaction. In light of this move, both the companies came under the scanner of credit agency for a possible downgrade. S&P considered all the rating for P&G under negative umbrella watch based on the likelihood that the deal would cause P&G to increase its leverage. As of September 30, 2004, P&G had debts of $21. 4 billion and Gillette of $3. 1 billion. Synergies Gillette maintains 64 manufacturing facilities in 27 countries, and its products are sold in more than 200 countries and territories, with more than 60 percent of sales occurring outside the United States. For P&G the acquisition of Gillette was an opportunity for P&G to add a masculine dimension to overwhelmingly female-biased portfolio. This seems to be a merger of exactly strategically fit companies who complement each other. It was combination of two best-in-class companies creating a stronger brand portfolio, opportunities for even more innovation, faster sales growth, and cost savings. The importance of economies of scale and focus as described by analyst, P&G had attempted to gain both with this acquisition. There was change in marketing sense as Gillette market was mostly towards men so P&G women dominated product category have showed steep learning curve in understanding the men marketing. It was boost to its product category and therefore enhancing the top line. Both the companies have presence in different part of globe made the deal a geographical fit. Gillette has strong presence in countries such as Brazil and in India, where P&G has been lagging behind Unilever. P&G has excellent penetration and distribution in China, the Philippines and fast-growing Eastern European markets such as Russia and Poland. Diversification of Product Portfolio As there was little overlapping in Gillette and P&G business this helped P&G to broaden its product base and offer more products to men in its women dominated product category. Story Now After five years of the deal, things haven’t gone the way as expected. The boost to the top line that was expected by P&G with acquisition of Gillette has been in doldrums. P&G has lost the Gillette top management talent as most of senior managers (with the notable exception of current P&G Vice Chairman Ed Shirley) have left. P&G's stock has lagged behind key competitors', including Colgate-Palmolive Co. and Unilever, beaten P&G 4 to 1 and 3 to 1, respectively, in the stock market. The recession has played against P&G decline in sales in Gillette products have become a reason of worry for P&G. P&G executives and Gillette officials show an optimistic view on the deal they feel still a lot more is still to come. Gillette has helped P&G to transform in different ways that aren't always obvious. P;G has made aggressive moves in key markets such as Brazil and India; a much stronger operation throughout Europe and an even stronger showing on U. S. retail shelves; a ever growing investment which will increase the companies efficiency and help it to deliver the best with innovated products. The deal has indeed given both the companies significant advantages. Economies of scale have been brought in along with some cost cutting giving P;G increase in revenue and income. But only time will tell if this union of seemingly very compatible partners is truly a match made in heaven. Exhibits P;G balance sheet Balance Sheet| | | 29-Jun-11| 29-Jun-10| 29-Jun-09| 29-Jun-06| Assets| | Current Assets| | | Cash And Cash Equivalents| 2,768,000  Ã‚  | 2,879,000  Ã‚  | 4,781,000  Ã‚  | 6,693,000| | Short Term Investments| –   | –   | –   | | | Net Receivables| 7,415,000  Ã‚  | 6,325,000  Ã‚  | 7,045,000  Ã‚  | | | Inventory| 7,379,000  Ã‚  | 6,384,000  Ã‚  | 6,880,000  Ã‚  | | | Other Current Assets| 4,408,000  Ã‚  | 3,194,000  Ã‚  | 3,199,000  Ã‚  | | Total Current Assets | 21,970,000  Ã‚   | 18,782,000  Ã‚   | 21,905,000  Ã‚   | | Long Term Investments| –   | –   | –   | | Property Plant and Equipment| 21,293,000  Ã‚  | 19,244,000  Ã‚  | 19,462,000  Ã‚  | | Goodwill| | 57,562,000  Ã‚  | 54,012,000  Ã‚  | 56,512,000  Ã‚  | | Intangible Assets| | 32,620,000  Ã‚  | 31,636,000  Ã‚  | 32,606,000  Ã‚  | | Accumulated Amortization| –   | –   | –   | | Other Assets| | 4,909,000  Ã‚  | 4,498,000  Ã‚  | 4,348,000  Ã‚  | | Deferred Long Term Asset Charges| –   | –   | –   | | Total Assets | | 138,354,000  Ã‚   | 128,172,000  Ã‚   | 134,833,000  Ã‚   | | Liabilities| | | | | | Current Liabilities| | | | | Accounts Payable| 17,312,000  Ã‚  | 15,810,000  Ã‚  | 14,581,000  Ã‚  | | | Short/Current Long Term Debt| 9,981,000  Ã‚  | 8,472,000  Ã‚  | 16,320,000  Ã‚  | | | Other Current Liabilities| –   | –   | 7,768,000  Ã‚  | | Total Current Liabilities | 27,293,000  Ã‚   | 24,282,000  Ã‚   | 30,901,000  Ã‚   | | Long Term Debt| | 22,033,000  Ã‚  | 21,360,000  Ã‚  | 20,652,000  Ã‚  | | Other Liabilities| | 9,957,000  Ã‚  | 10,189,000  Ã‚  | 9,146,000  Ã‚  | | Deferred Long Term Liability Charges| 11,070,000  Ã‚  | 10,902,000  Ã‚  | 10,752,000  Ã‚  | | Minority Interest| | 361,000  Ã‚  | 324,000  Ã‚  | 283,000  Ã‚  | | Negative Goodwill| –   | –   | –   | | Total Liabilities | | 70,714,000  Ã‚   | 67,057,000  Ã‚   | 71,734,000  Ã‚   | | Stockholders' Equity| | | | | Misc Stocks Options Warrants| –   | –   | –   | | Redeemable Preferred Stock| –   | –   | –   | | Preferred Stock| | 1,234,000  Ã‚  | 1,277,000  Ã‚  | 1,324,000  Ã‚  | | Common Stock| | 4,008,000  Ã‚  | 4,008,000  Ã‚  | 4,007,000  Ã‚  | | Retained Earnings| 70,682,000  Ã‚  | 64,614,000  Ã‚  | 57,309,000  Ã‚  | | Treasury Stock| | -6. E+07| -6. 1E+07| -5. 6E+07| | Capital Surplus| | 62,405,000  Ã‚  | 61,697,000  Ã‚  | 61,118,000  Ã‚  | | Other Stockholder Equity| -3411000| -9172000| -4698000| | Total Stockholder Equity | 68,001,000  Ã‚   | 61,439,000  Ã‚   | 63,382,000  Ã‚   | | Net Tangible Assets | -2. 2E+07| -2. 4E+07| -2. 6E+07| | P&G Income statement FINANCIAL SUMMARY (UNAUDITED) Amounts| 2006| 2005| 2004| 2003| 2002| Net Sales| $68,222| $56,741| $51,407| $43,377| $40,238| Operating Income| 13,249| 10,469| 9,382| 7,312| 6,073| Net Earnings| 8,684| 6,923| 6,156| 4,788| 3,910| Net Earnings Margin| 12. 70%| 12. 20%| 12. 00%| 11. 00%| 9. 70%| Basic Net Earnings Per Share Common Share $| 2. 79| 2. 7| 2. 34| 1. 8| 1. 46| Diluted Net Earnings Per Common Share| 2. 64| 2. 53| 2. 2| 1. 7| 1. 39| Dividends Per Common Share| 1. 15| 1. 03| 0. 93| 0. 82| 0. 76|

Pygmalion: Transform and Eliza

Jackson Wise English 4 4A October 15 2012 Metamorphoses in Pygmalion Pygmalion is a play written by George Bernard Shaw that is based on a poem called Metamorphoses, written by Ovid. The play and the poem are very similar in the themes, but the actual stories are not alike. Ovid’s version of Pygmalion is about a sculpture and its creator who falls in love with a woman who he created and brings her to life. Shaw’s version of Pygmalion is about a low-class flower girl who is turned into a beautiful, polite lady. Although the play and the poem are fairly different, the theme is the same.The main theme for Pygmalion is that transformation is possible for anyone through hard work. Eliza, Higgins and Mr. Doolittle all go through different kinds of transformation (Yeates). Pygmalion is a Cinderella story about how Eliza Doolittle goes through a drastic transformation from a street person to appearing as a duchess. Eliza, as the main character, is described as a nasty looking p erson working on the streets as a flower girl. Her clothes are torn, her hair needs washing, and she is very dirty compared to other ladies.However, her distinguishing characteristic that draws Henry Higgins’ attention is her horrible accent while struggling to speak proper English. Eliza is a good girl; there is no discussion of lack of morals or criminal behavior in her. She wants to improve herself, she hopes to transform into a lady (Pygmalion). She meets a man named Henry Higgins who offers English speech lessons. She goes to Higgins with high hopes but is treated terribly. To Higgins, Eliza reminds him of trash; â€Å"Shall we ask this baggage to sit down or shall we throw her out of the window? (Shaw 59) Higgins thinks it over and makes a bet to a man named Pickering, saying that he could completely change this flower girl into a beautiful, polite lady. Their result is a metamorphosis. She has been transformed into a lady; she has manners, behavior, and diction. Higgi ns and Pickering want to show off their success with Eliza, so they all go to a ball. Eliza comes in looking like a princess. She dances the special waltz and many people guess that she is royal Hungarian blood. She even convinces Neppomuck, a European phonetics expert. Another transformation in this play is the changing of Mr.Higgins. Higgins is an arrogant, stubborn bachelor with no use for women, who transforms throughout the story. He claims that she was simply a challenge: â€Å"Never lose a chance: it doesn’t come every day. I shall make a duchess out of this drag tailed guttersnipe† (Shaw 62). Higgins does transform and slowly starts to like having her around. He becomes accustomed to her and grows fond of her, but will not swallow his pride to keep her. He is mean spirited and cruel to Liza throughout the play; he is probably cruelest to himself since his pride makes him lose her.The last transformation in this play is Eliza’s father. Mr. Doolittle also transforms along with Eliza and Higgins. He is originally a poor, low-class man who tries to sell his daughter to Higgins. Higgins gives him money for Liza, and in the end of the play, Mr. Doolittle comes back to Higgins upset. He is mad that he has forced himself into the middle class: â€Å"Done to me. Ruined Me. Destroyed my happiness. Tied me up and delivered me into the hands of middle class morality† (Shaw 190). So, two of the men were unintentionally transformed.Transformation is the significant theme of the play and myth, Pygmalion. In Ovid’s poem/myth, transformation is displayed by how in love the sculptor is with his woman statue that eventually is transformed into a real woman from the help of the mythical god Venus. A metamorphosis is expressed in more than three ways in Pygmalion and it is also displayed in the myth as well. The three characters discussed all experience transformation. Eliza worked so hard to become the proper flower shop lady she dreamed of being. Higgins changed in spite of his stubbornness.Mr. Doolittle developed a conscious and maybe â€Å"did a little†. These three types of metamorphosis show that anyone of any class can learn and work to change. Works Cited â€Å"Pygmalion†. Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2012. Web. 16 Oct. 2012 . Shaw, Bernard. Pygmalion. New York: Brentano, 1916 Yeates, Amelia â€Å"Recent work on Pygmalion in Nineteenth-Century Literature† The Author. Journal Compilation Volume 7, Issue 7, pages 586–596, July 2010

Antebellum Slavery essays

Antebellum Slavery essays Slavery has been of significant importance in American history. During the antebellum period, slavery undergirded the economy of the United States, dominated politics and eventually led to the war between the North and South (Institution 1991). After the Civil War, the legacy left behind of slavery continued to influence American history, from the Reconstruction era of the 1860's and 1870's to the struggle of civil rights during the twentieth century (Institution 1991). After the American Revolution, slavery became an institution in the With the invention of the cotton gin in 1793, cotton production rose sharply and the demand for slaves increased (Institution 1991). When the Revolution began, there were approximately half a million slaves in the United States, North and South, and on the eve of the Civil War there were four million slaves, confined entirely to the South (Institution 1991). Slaveholdings in the South varied according to size, location, and crops produced and slavery in cities differed substantially from that in the countryside (Institution 1991). Slaves served as skilled craftsmen, preachers, nurses, drivers, mill workers, field hands and house servants (Institution 1991). During the antebellum period, slaves made up about one- third of the southern population (Institution 1991). Slavery in the South was not only an economic investment, it was a way of life. There were 490,308 slaves in 1860 eastern Virginia belonging to 48,308 slaveholders, averaging over ten slaves per owner and in western Virginia there were some 18,451 slaves belonging to 3,820 slaveholders, averaging less than six slaves per owner (West pg). Due to the decline of plantation agriculture in the 1800's, slaves were no longer profitable in the east, so slaves were hired out or sold usually to the salt industry (West pg). This was the major introduction of slaves into we...

Show Me The Money 8 Good-Paying Part-Time Jobs

Show Me The Money 8 Good-Paying Part-Time Jobs part-time jobs are lucrative and plentiful, but finding them means knowing where to look. deciding on the type of job you want based on your skills and needs is a good first step. for instance, if you have small children and wish to work when they are at school, your search might focus on morning jobs. finding the right job for you is easier with thejobnetwork online search platform. focus on jobs that suit your needsjobs vary according to training, experience and location. some part-time jobs let you work from home. this saves on commuting time and cost. it also accommodates parents who would like to be at home with their children. other jobs might require a degree or specific experience in the field. depending on where you live, certain types of part-time jobs may be plentiful, and the pay range might differ. this post focuses on eight part-time jobs that pay well and offer flexibility.dog walkingthis part-time job is best suited to individuals who like dogs. you might need a city license. in addition, being bonded and having insurance protects you and your clients. both provide a level of security for your business. this part-time job pays between $15 and $75 per hour.tutoring studentsthis position is online or in person and suits many grad students or teachers as an excellent source of extra income. tutoring for sat or medical school and law school entrance exams are higher paying. the range for tutoring depends on the subject matter and pays from $15 to $200 per hour.web designerthis part-time job requires learned skills and a work portfolio. being able to do the job with a good turnaround time enables you to earn more. some design firms hire freelance designers at an hourly rate of $50. taking courses online or at a brick and mortar design school or college helps you move into this field.breakfast restaurant server or staffthis is sought after by those who need to have afternoons free. such establishments close by afternoon. the pay scale ranges depend on the geographic area. restaurants in this category pay up to $4 per hour plus tips.hair stylistbeing a hair stylist takes training and a license to provide this service. however, once attained, you are able to work as much or as little as you want depending on the salon. hairstylists make about $10 per hour, with differences depending on the salon and its location.bartenderdepending on the establishment, many bartender positions require training, certification for safe food handling such as servsafe may be required. this job bays an average of $10 to $75 per hour including tips. some bartenders favor events over working at a particular facility.tax preparation/accountantthis position can be seasonal or done at home. some individuals work for a tax preparation business while others set up their own businesses. tax preparers typically earn between $8 and $23 per hour as an employee, but self-employed workers can set an acceptable fee for clients.fitness instructorsbeing fit is enviabl e, and many job seekers establish their own fitness business or work at a gym. getting certified in such areas as pilates or yoga helps raise your fee, and the average pay is about $20 per hour.

Linguistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Linguistics - Essay Example Wodak (1989) explores this opinion to reveal that language gains power in the hands of those who are powerful. According to the author it would be right to say that someone in power can even be represented by a specific language and fights about discrimination or status basically symbolize the fight for power. This study mainly purposes to explore some of the things that happen on the basis of linguistics which include politeness, gender-indexing, honorification, youth language and bilingualism more specifically amongst the Japanese community. Japan which happens to be one of the most industrialized nations on earth was ranked 105th out of 136 countries in terms of gender equality (The Bogen Project 2013). Under normal circumstances, most of us would think that a nation with the third largest economy as well as geographical power as Japan would have a positive gender index when it comes to equality. Surprisingly this is not the case amongst the Japanese. Statistics reveal that  "According to the Gender Gap Index, Japan has slid from 94th place in 2010 to 98th in 2011, to 101st in 2012† (The Bogen Project 2013). This indubitably depicts gender inequality with the affected gender being the feminine ender. Japanese women have been misrepresented both in the government as well as in the field of employment. Does this have anything to do with gendered language including politeness and honorification? Unlike most languages in the world, Japanese language has some language associated with men or boys and another section associated with women or girls.