Accounting Theory and Contemporary Issues TFV

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Theory and Contemporary Issues TFV. Answer: Introduction As of late, the idea of TFV has become the most important accounting standards in the field of bookkeeping. Besides, the idea of TFV has turned into a piece of English law and also stays rudimentary significance in IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) and GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). It is crucial to bookkeeping as well as auditing practices of the businesses. The TFV idea assumes a noteworthy part to guarantee that an association is considering the TFV concept to supervise its money related conditions as well as working outcomes properly. In addition to this, the idea of TFV has need of absolute truth to examine financial statements and reports of the business firms in an accurate manner. It is a result of the monetary articulations of the business firms relies on upon the judgments and estimations; and these estimations can't put complete truth about the events of the businesses. It is not something that exclusive gives a different extra to bookkeeping guidelines. Be that as it may, it is to some degree that gives acknowledgment, measurement, and exposure for unequivocal parts of monetary detailing and inspecting. Also, this exploration paper would be useful to lead writing survey on the idea of TFV. It will depict the history and authentic motivation behind the TFV. Besides, the paper will be valuable to represent the degree to which the Australian regulatory environment for financial reporting underpins the TFV concept. Synopsis These days, the idea of TFV (True and Fair View) is measured as the most prominent rule in the range of accounting as well as finance. At this moment in time, business enterprises accentuation on the idea of TFV to prepare their financial reports as well as annual reports in a precise way. In addition to this, the idea of TFV assumes a noteworthy part to establish that the money related articulations and reports of business associations are free from material errors. At long last, the TFV idea is fundamental to give precise and comprehensive data about the financial circumstances of the business organizations. This exploration report is directed to gather information as well as data that are identified with the idea of TFV in an adequate and a more thorough way. History Historical Purpose of the TFV Concept As indicated by the authors, Nobes Parker (1991), the expression true fair is an accounting standard that is widely utilized by business firms as a part of the territory of bookkeeping and fund. It is valuable to express the key models of monetary revealing and to legitimize the money related choices in a solid and a critical way. Additionally, the term is utilized as a part of the directions and rules of reviewing and budgetary models to the organization law acts. On the other hand, the authors Vladu, Matis, Salas (2012) state that, the beginning of the TFV concept is the aftereffect of the constitution. Ahead of schedule in the nineteenth century, by considering the plan of action of enactment and constitutive archives, business association had put their sentiments and proposals about the true fair view. They wanted that the TFV idea must be included in the organizations' enactment of 1844 and 1856 to do precise valuation of assets of the business entities (Nobes Parker, 1991) . In addition to this, in the views of Chambers Wolnizer (1991), the importance of the TFV has never been clarified by statute. The TFV idea has turned into a noteworthy subject of argument for the general population. Yet, in real, the truth of the matter is that, the occurrence of the 'TFV concept' is completely identified with the budgetary articulations of the business companies. in addition, according to the UK joint stock companies act 1844, the chiefs of the business firma are capable to plan adjusted book identified with the money related exchanges and explanations; and they are compelled to make a genuine and reasonable asset report to expel monetary mistakes for the development of the associations (Chambers Wolnizer, 1991). Along with this, Karan (2002) state that, the UK joint stock companies act 1856 evacuated such sorts of arrangements and gave new arrangements to keep up straightforwardness into the budgetary articulations of the organizations. As indicated by this new demonstration, the executives of the organizations are obliged to consider the standard of double entry to make genuine and reasonable records identified with the organizations. Additionally, the auditors will undoubtedly insist that the asset reports of the organizations are reasonable to satisfy the money related commitments of the business associations legitimately (Karan, 2002). Apart from this, the authors Salihin, Fatima Ousama (2015) state that, the idea TFV came from the Joint Stock Companies Act 1844 and 1856. These demonstrations can be seen exceptionally applicable to the TFV concept at that day and age. In addition, a TFV view is considered as one of the base standards of money related bookkeeping that is particularly helpful with a specific end goal to plan monetary data and budgetary articulations of businesses. Moreover, as pronounced in budgetary bookkeeping, the TFV idea depends on the four fundamental ideas of bookkeeping, for example, going concern, unwavering quality, collections, and carefulness. Without these four fundamental standards of bookkeeping, business associations may confront challenges to set up their money related proclamations and contrast their budgetary execution with different entities (Livne McNichols, 2009). In addition, by considering these standards, the TFV concept give legitimate directions and rules to business associations; so they can get ready monetary proclamations; and look at money related execution as well as development of the organizations. Along these lines, it is clear that, the term TFV is started from the Companies act 1844 and 1856. The purpose of the concept is to enhance the budgetary consistency of the business partnerships. In addition to this, according to Stacy (1997), the historical purpose for the TFV idea was to decide the proper valuation of the assets and to maintain integrity within the accounting financial statements of the business association. Yet, the reason for the TFV concept is not restricted just to valuation of belongings. It is more than chose. For instance, the other real motivation behind the TFV idea is to guarantee that the records of the business firms can give a genuine and reasonable picture about the money related exchanges and explanations of the organizations. The TFV idea is planned to offer extra revelations at what time dutifulness with bookkeeping principles are insufficient to depict a TFV concept appropriately (Nobes Parker, 1991). On the other hand, in the perspectives of Alexander Jermakowicz (2006), the TFV concept is a hopeful point that is required to get ready money related proclamations effectively within the time period. It clarifies the required principles of budgetary revealing and approves money related choices of the enterprises. In addition, the TFV is a legitimate idea on account of it is identified with the UK joint stock companies act 1856 and Companies act 1844 1856 (Arden, 1997). The monetary explanations and book of business firms depicts the TFV concept when the business firms records all the budgetary exchanges exact in their record books. They are obliged to watch that they have been taken after all the required arrangement of Companies act and related laws to get ready money related explanations legitimately (Alexander Jermakowicz, 2006). The TFV idea is utilized by financial experts and auditors to discover that the budgetary articulations of the organizations are appearing a genuine and reasonable perspective of the money related situation of the organizations. As a result, one might say that, the TFV is a legitimate term that is required to keep up the consistency and straightforwardness within the money related exchanges and proclamations of the business companies. The Australian Regulatory Environment for Financial Reporting Supports the TFV As of late, the TFV concept is obtaining recognition throughout the world. The vast majority of the countries have utilized the idea of TFV to play out their budgetary commitments and arrange money related articulations in an exact way. Moreover, as indicated by Karan (2002), the Australian regulatory authority is giving complete support to the TFV concept. In Australia, the TFV concept has been in the enactment of organizations from the time of the Victorian Companies Act 1890 (Kilgore, Leahy Mitchell, 1999). Along with this, as declared in the statements of accounting concepts such as: SAC 1, SAC 2, etc. most of the statements related to true and fair view principle focus on its implication instead of its definition or theoretical delimitation. Moreover, IFRS and IASB play a major role in the effective implementation of the TFV in business organization (Vladu, Matis Salas, 2012). Besides, as expressed in the ASC (Australian Securities Commission), the TFV is a central piece of the Australian financial reporting as well as auditing. In Australia, as proclaimed in s. 297 of Corporations Act, the business partnerships are required to put forth genuine and reasonable budgetary expressions and monetary notes in a suitable way. Additionally, it is genuine that there is not a particular meaning of the TFV (Clarke, Dean Egan, 2014). However, as indicated by the TFV concept, the Australian firms are obliged to give a true fair view about the money related positions as well as budgetary executi ons of the business enterprises. Along with this, according to Vyas, Ambadkar Bhargava?, (2015), the TFV concept that is begun from the Joint Stock Companies Act of 1844 bound the organizations to plan comprehensive accounting reports and financial statements as well. In Australia, the TFV has turned into an indispensable piece of the administrations of corporate monetary announcing. The TFV manages every practice of business substances and confines the degenerate exercises in order to enhance the monetary skills of the business organizations. The high extent of TFV has been bolstered by the regulatory authority of Australia to support the concept widely (Rahman, 2013). In addition to this, according to the Corporations Act 2001, the Australian business associations must play out all the money related exchanges and arrange budgetary proclamations as per the bookkeeping benchmarks obligatory and TFV necessities. In addition, in Australia, the TFV idea has been considered as the prevailing subjective standard for financial reporting as well as; that demonstrate that the TFV concept is exceptionally upheld by the Australian administrative specialist for budgetary detailing inside country (Jones, 2015). Moreover, IASB 2010 ensures that any change in the conceptual framework of the accounting standards will not affect the basic importance of the true fair necessity in the financial reporting of the firms. As stated in the IASBs conceptual framework, the true fair view is indissoluble; so the Australian business firms must present a true fair view in their financial statements, notes and reporting as well. Moreover, in Melis (2005) expressed that; the TFV concept has turned out to be legitimate in Australia that spreads out traditionalism in money related announcing. The view gave clear shape to the review capacities and monetary record purposes in the mid twentieth century. As indicated by this, the evaluators are conscientious to gather and give dependable data to present genuine money related position of the organizations. Moreover, as indicated by the Corporations Act (297s.), the yearly budgetary articulations of the Australian business enterprises must give a true as well as fair view about the money related position of the organization (Nobes Parker, 1991). Furthermore, if the budgetary proclamations are not set up in reference to bookkeeping measures and don't present a true fair view; then the business firms are obliged to incorporate extra data to give a true fair view in the monetary explanations of the organizations. A TFV concept is required to check that the money related explanations are as indicated by the controls, bookkeeping models, and proficient to display a fair view before the stockholders of the associations (Kershaw, 2012). Along with this, in the views of Smieliauskas, Craig Amernic (2008), the Australian regulatory authority props up the TFV concept in order to abide the money related proclamations with bookkeeping measures. The real explanation for it is to ensure dependability and equivalence of monetary data and notes for the implementation purposes. Additionally, compliance with bookkeeping guidelines is going to escort a TFV concept in the money related explanations of the associations (Arden, 1997). . Moreover, accounting guidelines that are issued by the IASB are standards based, and endorse fair value bookkeeping in the financial statements (money related proclamations) of the associations. After 2005, the Australian associations are consistently executing all these bookkeeping guidelines just to show a genuine and reasonable perspective of their monetary articulations and execution viably. In inverse to this, inadequacies in the bookkeeping benchmarks will lead unintentional outcomes in the money related proclamations and in this manner would not have the capacity to lead a TFV concept in the announcements of the organizations (Nobes Parker, 1991). In the same manner, Moldovan, Achim Bota-Avram (2010) state that, the Australian firms are obliged to give a true fair view in their money related explanations and reports. It is direct results of the financial chiefs are extremely strict to meet to the bookkeeping models and to ensure that their budgetary proclamations can give a true fair view in the monetary articulations. They watch that how the bookkeeping measures and TFV idea are utilized by the representatives of the associations. They guarantee that their workers are putting a true view in the bookkeeping as well as budgetary practices of the businesses (Smieliauskas, Craig Amernic 2008). The Australian fund executives take particular activities to act as per the necessities; so their money related explanations may introduce a true a7 fair view before everybody. As a result, it can be accepted that, the Australian regulatory authority for money related announcing bolsters the TFV concept at a very high level. The principle motivation behind this is just to consent to all the bookkeeping gauges to enhance the money related execution and proficiency of the organizations in a strong and a noteworthy way. Conclusion On the preface of the above investigation, it can be reasoned that, a TFV concept has become popular in recent years. The TFV is a legitimate term that obliged to business firms to guarantee straightforwardness in the money related articulations and budgetary notes of the organizations. In addition to this, it is watched that, in current, it has turned into a center bookkeeping rule that enhance the monetary effectiveness and decrease inconsistency from the budgetary explanations of the business associations. More to the point, it is examined that, the Australian regulatory authority provides complete support to the TFV concept to enhance the financial growth of the business organizations. References Alexander, D., Jermakowicz, E. (2006). A true and fair view of the principles/rules debate. Abacus, 42(2), 132-164. Arden, J. (1997). True and fair view: a European perspective. European Accounting Review, 6(4), 675-679. Chambers, R. J., Wolnizer, P. W. (1991). A true and fair view of position and results: the historical background. Accounting, Business Financial History, 1(2), 197-214. Clarke, F., Dean, G., Egan, M. (2014). The Unaccountable Ungovernable Corporation: Companies' Use-by-dates Close in. NY: Routledge. Jones, S. (2015). The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory. NY: Routledge. Karan, R. (2002). Irreconcilable Legal and Accounting Views of A True and Fair View: An Emerging Alternative from Australian Reforms. Journal of Law and Financial Management, 1(1), 44-52. Kershaw, D. (2012). Company Law in Context: Text and Materials. UK: OUP Oxford. Kilgore, A., Leahy, S., Mitchell, G. (1999). The true and fair view concept: evidence from Australia. Asian Review of Accounting, 7(1), 96-111. Livne, G., McNichols, M. (2009). An empirical investigation of the true and fair override in the United Kingdom. Journal of Business Finance Accounting, 36(1?2), 1-30. Melis, A. (2005). Critical Issues On The Enforcement Of The True And Fair View Accounting Principle. Learning From Parmalat. Corporate Ownership and Control, 2(2), 108-119. Moldovan, R. L., Achim, S. A., Bota-Avram, C. (2010). Fighting the Enemy of Fair View PrincipleGetting to know creative Accounting. Scientific Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Economic Sciences Section, Special Issue, 52-55. Nobes, C.W. Parker, R. H. (1991). True and Fair: A Survey of Uk Financial Directors, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting 18(3), 359-375. Rahman, A.R. (2013). The Australian Accounting Standards Review Board (RLE Accounting): The Establishment of Its Participative Review Process. NY: Routledge. Salihin, A., Fatima, A. H., Ousama, A. A. (2015). Analysis of the true and fair view concept: an Islamic perspective. International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, 7(1), 38-61. Smieliauskas, W., Craig, R., Amernic, J. (2008). A proposal to replace true and fair viewwith acceptable risk of material misstatement. Abacus, 44(3), 225-250. Stacy, G. (1997). True and fair view: a UK auditor's perspective. European Accounting Review, 6(4), 705-709. Vladu, A. B., Matis, D., Salas, O. A. (2012). True and fair view and creative accounting conceptual delimitations based on Papineau's tree methodology. Annales Universitatis Apulensis: Series Oeconomica, 14(1), 104. Vyas, A. H., Ambadkar, R., Bhargava?, J. (2015). True and Fair View-A Fact or Illusion in the World of Creative Accounting. International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research, 3(3), 572-575.

Fraud Theory Analysis of R. v. Inshanalli †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Fraud Theory Analysis of R. v. Inshanalli. Answer: Facts of the Case In the case of R. v. Inshanalli, 2017 ONCJ it had been held by the court that the appellant was guilty of committing fraud which amounted to $5000 which was contrary to the provisions of s 380(1)(a) of the criminal code as well as violation of probations which had been applied on her and thus violating the provisions of s. 733.1(1)(a) of the Criminal Code. The appellant was employed by the victim as a bookkeeper/controller from 2014 April to 2016 January where she had been dismissed with respect to the identification of her fraudulent activities which she indulged into during her course of employment. The discovery was that about 134 cheques had been written by her which were not authorized and ranged from $1456.00 to $5839.28. 125 of the 134 cheques had forged signatures of the victim Gerard Waslens done by the appellant. The appellant in this case Ms. Inshanalli who is 62 years of age also have a history of committing the same kind of offence in the past. She had in 2004 indulge into fraudulent activity which involved stealing of $750,000 for the company she had been employed in and had been subjected to two years of imprisonment. In 2010 she had also indulged in fraudulent activities where she had been sentenced to an eighteen month period along with a probation which stated that she is no longer eligible to work in the position of an accountant or bookkeeper. Fraud Theory Analysis The application of a number of theories can be done in the situation for the purpose of analyzing the actions of the person committing the fraud and understanding how and why were such actions initiated. The Fraud Triangle- there are three factors which have been set out by this theory which can influence a person to do fraud (Mansor, 2015). Perceived fraud- this is how a person is motivated in relation to fraud. There are issues faced by such person of which he cannot identify legal solutions and thus indulge into illegal activities. Perceived opportunity- the modus operandi of the action is stated through this factor. The person finds out a way through which another person can be deceived Rationalization- personal reasoning in favor of the action has to be present to turn a person into fraud (Said et al., 2017). In this case it is clear that the appellant is subjected to a considerable history of crime in the past which took place in the year 2004 and 2010. She had been punished for such action in form of imprisonment as well as imposed with probations to not work as an accountant or bookkeeper. She had utilized all the funds which she had been able to gain access to towards her gambling addiction. In addition no voluntary remorse or restitution had been depicted by the appellant during such situations. Thus can be stated that she is a predatory fraudster and would commit the crime if placed in the same position again and this theory cannot be applied as rationalization as well as pressures are not required to be in place for such fraud to take place. The fraud scale- this theory had been initiated in the year 1984 as a substitute to the above discussed theory. The theory incorporates the elements of integrity or ethics with rationalization. The way in which a person makes decisions is considered for the purpose of analyzing the presence of integrity. Ethical commitment is directly proportional to integrity. In addition the probability of fraud is inversely proportional to integrity (Huber, 2017). Although the theory is not comprehensively applicable in the situation of the appellant the application of the element of integrity can be done in the situation where there is no factor of pressure (peer pressure for participating in gambling is not considered as a pressure) and given the predatory nature of the appellant. She did not have integrity as he was doing the same kind of activities even after being prosecuted for them. Rational Choice theory- The theory belongs to the subject of criminology and its application is initiated to determine the reason behind getting into a criminal activity by people. There are three elements of this theory which are that the person believes that he or she is an individual, he or she has to do goal maximization, he or she only takes into consideration self interest (Hindmoor Taylor, 2015). The primary finding of this theory is that the person indulges in criminal activities when he finds that the cost of crime is lesser than the benefits provided by it (Beaudry?Cyr, 2016). In the present case the goal of the appellant was to indulge in criminal activities for the purpose of fulfilling her gambling addiction. In addition she had realized that the benefit she could attain by getting all the money was much more than the cost in form of imprisonment which she may have to bare in relation to the crime. Thus the cost of the crime was viewed as minimal by and benefits were judged as high. Conclusion The above discussed theories give idea in relation to the way in which and why fraudulent activities are indulged into be individuals. Another case which included the same situation as in the case of R. v. Inshanalli, 2017 ONCJ was R v Slobbe where it had been found by the court that the person indulged in fraud to fulfill his lavish lifestyle. The person was a trusted individual who latter turned into a fraudsters to fulfill is needs. On the other had in the case of R. v. Paterson, 2013 it had been analyzed by the court that the primary motivation of fraud was his falling business and the victim has suffered a loss of $55,500,000. In this case the fraud triangle theory will be applicable. This is because there was a pressure on the part of the person committing the fraud, he got an opportunity based on the position in which he was and his rational thinking made him take the decision to indulge into the action. Thus the type of fraudster has to be identified so that the fraud theorie s can be appropriately applied for the analysis. References Beaudry?Cyr, M. (2016). Rational Choice Theory.The Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment. Hindmoor, A., Taylor, B. (2015).Rational choice. Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Huber, W. (2017). Forensic Accounting, Fraud Theory, And The End Of The Fraud Triangle.Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research,12(2). Mansor, N. (2015). Fraud triangle theory and fraud diamond theory. Understanding the convergent and divergent for future research.International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Science,1, 38-45. v. Inshanalli, 2017 ONCJ 234 v. Paterson, 2013 BCPC 5 Said, J., Alam, M. M., Ramli, M., Rafidi, M. (2017). Integrating ethical values into fraud triangle theory in assessing employee fraud: Evidence from the Malaysian banking industry.Journal of International Studies,10(2), 170-184.

Writing Sample For Job History Essay

Writing Sample For Job History EssayThere are a lot of ways to write a writing sample for job history essay. However, the most effective method is to use the sample itself as your source of knowledge and opinion. When you find a sample for a particular career opportunity, do not go by a generalized reading of that position or company in general. Instead, choose the one example that best describes your skills, traits, abilities, and experiences.The sample, unlike your resume, is very much an 'official' document and can serve as your calling card. It is not merely the chronological record of your career, but more so a presentation of how you came to choose a certain career path. Even though this is not an option for everyone, since a writing sample for job history essay is supposed to be objective and unbiased, it must be done carefully and respectfully. A sample will reflect both your personal and professional development in an objective way. You must stay true to the sample in order to have the fullest possible perspective.Take note that it is extremely important to choose a sample that is specific to the type of position. For example, if you are looking for a teaching job, the sample should include teaching duties or a job description. Writing sample for job history essay could also consist of an actual academic paper. Keep in mind that you will be able to get the same or similar results when writing this type of sample for job history essay. In fact, it may be an excellent way to highlight your academic and professional interests. Although this can be a positive thing for you, it is never a good idea to use a sample that is completely opposite to the kind of writing you would normally do.When you have chosen a sample for a specific position, carefully read the sample over again. Analyze the content, structure, and grammar. Read over the examples and explain the sentences in detail. Remember that these are always meant to represent real life situations. You mu st keep this in mind when you do your writing sample for job history essay. If it is something that you would never normally do, do not use it.After you have read through the sample, you may want to revise it. Maybe you may have overlooked something that the sample does not show. If this is the case, you may need to edit the sample again in order to bring it into line with your own style. Do not make any major changes to the sample. Remember that the purpose of writing a sample for job history essay is to provide information and perspective on your skills, accomplishments, and attitude towards the work you are doing. Any grammatical or spelling errors that you make will only make the essay look unprofessional.You may want to share the sample with your friends and family members so that they can have a first-hand look at the sample. One great way to do this is to copy the example and paste it on a Word document. This makes it much easier for you to edit the sample and have a better i dea of how it would translate to your own style. Make sure that the sample you are using is one that fits your career goal. A writing sample for job history essay is an excellent tool to develop you as a writer.Remember that writing sample for job history essay is only as good as the knowledge you have gained from the sample. It is not necessarily a replacement for a well-written resume or cover letter. However, it can go a long way to demonstrate your experience and skills. Once you have all the information you need, you will be well on your way to getting the career you have always wanted.

Pueblo Bonito essays

Pueblo Bonito essays The famous Pueblo Bonito is located in North West New Mexico and contains some of the most spectacular Indian ruins of North America. Some archaeologists say that this lone fact makes this site one of the most valuable and important places, especially for reconstruction. Archaeologists and researchers, in fact, have already proved this to be true. They have found pottery dating back to 920 A.D. that can tell us about the technology and trade of the Anasazis in the Chaco Canyon region. Kivas, partly underground chambers used for religious ceremonies, can be found all throughout the ruins of Pueblo Bonito. The kivas tell about the Anasazi religion and how they worshipped. The Anasazi Indians are known for building great houses such as Pueblo Bonito, which, in fact, are towns within themselves. These great houses are an important aspect of the research of Pueblo Bonito because of how much the architecture can tell archaeologists about these ancient peoples. For example, archaeologists can tell that characteristics of the great houses include planned layouts, distinctive masonry, multi-story construction, and kivas. The location that the Anasazi people chose for Pueblo Bonito also contributes to the importance of Chaco Canyon and Pueblo Bonito. The location was unusual because they built it under a separated piece of a cliff wall. This piece was called Threatening Rock, standing 97 feet high and weighing about thirty thousand tons. The Anasazi people knew of this threat and built a supporting terrace which slowed the erosion of the soil. This worked well for them, because Chaco Canyon has a desert-like climate. The terrace worked quite well for the Anasazis, because the Threatening Rock did not fall until 1941. From the first excavations of Pueblo Bonito by Richard Wetherill, a rancher, and archaeologist George Pepper, to the most recent, archaeologists have ...

Chain Reaction Definition in Chemistry and Physics

Chain Reaction Definition in Chemistry and Physics In science, a chain reaction is a series of reactions where the products contribute to the reactants of another reaction without outside influence. The idea of chain reactions was introduced by German chemist Max Bodenstein in 1913 in reference to chemical reactions. Chain Reactions Examples A nuclear chain reaction is a fission reaction where the neutrons generated by the fission process go on and initiate fission in other atoms. The chemical reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to form water is another example of a chain reaction. In the reaction, one hydrogen atom is replaced by another as well as two OH radicals. The propagation of the reaction can lead to an explosion. Chain Reaction Steps A typical chain reaction follows a sequence of steps: Initiation: Active particles form that serve as the basis for the reaction.Propagation: Active particles react with each other and may serve as catalysts to perpetuate the cycle.Termination: The active particles lose their activity, slowing and ending the reaction.

Is there a trade-off between innovation and regulating quality in Essay

Is there a trade-off between innovation and regulating quality in higher education If so, what is the appropriate way to balan - Essay Example During this educational program, students are capable to explore their own selected area and effectively focus on four thematic areas such as policy, change, leadership and community diversity (The Trustees of Boston College, 2012). The department of ‘Educational Leadership and Higher Education’ provides Master’s as well as Doctoral programs for the applying students. The core objective of this department is to provide education to the students for leadership position. Moreover, this department also provides graduate level professional as well as certification programs. In this regard, the professional program provides education to the individuals regarding administrative position at the college as well as university level. While on the other hand, certification program in educational leadership provides education to the students regarding the managerial position (Saint Louis University, 2012). ‘Trade-Off’ is considered as a situation that implies for egoing on quality of something in return of gaining another quality. The basis objective of this paper is to demine the trade-off between innovation and regulating quality in higher education. Trade-Off between Innovation and Regulating Quality in Higher Education The term ‘innovation’ is considered as an initiation related to new ideas, thoughts, devices or methods. In the present context, higher education facilities are continuously evolving across the globe. In terms of innovation regarding educational curriculum activities are concerned, an instance can be witnessed of Western Governors University at the United Kingdom which considerably is focusing on bring about certain innovation in their educational system. Contextually, innovation regarding curriculum activities and development program assists this university to meet the educational standards at higher level. They expected that by initiation of innovation, they would facilitate effective educational facilities and also attract a wide number of students (Trane, 2012). At present, a majority of post graduate educational institutions and higher educational level universities are bringing about a lot of innovative changes regarding educational system. By taking into consideration regarding the Australian higher education system, certain arguments were presented by the Bradley Review of Higher Education in the year 2008. This educational standard reviewing authority demonstrated certain obvious changes about the existing educational systems such as setting of easy access regarding online education, certain regulatory aspects of educational procedures along with enhancing the quality of academic lectures. Since the year 1970, Australian government has encouraged several universities to critically evaluate their educational performance. In the year 1980, this evaluation was considerably accepted in order to improve the efficiency as well as effectiveness of educational program. In the last few d ecades, there has been a considerable turmoil regarding bringing in innovative changes in the education system which was quite difficult to carry out for the various universities (Varis, 2007). A number of colleges and universities in recent times are facing a diverse set of challenges in terms of ensuring quality of higher education along with incorporating sustained regulation. These challenges relate in

Evolution in Health and Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Evolution in Health and Disease - Essay Example However, another form of evolution exists with relation to disease and patient health. In fact, an entire field of study is termed as â€Å"evolutionary medicine†. As such, this particular field is interested in determining the ways in which health and disease closely mirror evolutionary biology. As a function of understanding this fact, medical health professionals and researchers of ever variety are able to formulate treatments and care plans that will more effectively speak to the needs of the patient within the framework of understanding disease from the evolutionary standpoint. As a function of seeking to understanding this particular field of study in a more full and complete manner, this analysis will define, categorize, and explore some of the key realms within which evolutionary medicine has and continues to make valuable contributions to the medical community and treatment of disease. In such a way, the study of evolutionary biology as related to the human body and t he field of medicine and health is ultimately the study of change and how it is exhibited on the body as well as the pathogen, organ, or feature of the body that is targeted for treatment. When one considers evolutionary biology, one of the first items that comes to mind is of course the way that living organisms have the innate ability to shift, change, and adapt in order to survive and thrive within their environment (Trotter et al 2011, pg. 41). Ideally, this is a good thing; however, with the case of a variety of pathogens, the ability to morph, change, and alter the way in which they react to certain substances and environments means that pathogens that had been able to be treated using a variety of different means can eventually become somewhat immune to such efforts and require the medical community to actively engage and seek out new ways in which to stop the spread of disease; oftentimes utilizing entirely different means than the pathogen itself has become immune to. One o f the ways that pathogens can exhibit a type of evolutionary biology with reference to a type of â€Å"learned† immunity is with respect to the way that certain pathogens survive the administration of a given antibiotic (Valles 2012, p. 256). As with the model of the natural selection and survival of the fittest, this means that those pathogens that survive the administration of the antibiotic are generally less affected by its subsequent administration than the original culture of pathogens which were first exposed. This is very much the same principle whereby humans themselves develop a type of immunity to certain diseases based upon the fact that their body’s immune system has â€Å"seen† the pathogens at an earlier date and becomes, at least in some way, resistant to them. Figure 1.0 below shows the ways in which bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics over time. Figure 1.0 Although a natural process and merely part of evolution itself, this particular asp ect of evolutionary medicine is both worrisome and troublesome for pharmacologists, researchers, and medical healthcare professionals alike as they seek to develop and utilize new strains of drugs to treat increasingly resistant pathogens. However, the fact of the matter is that not only do some pathogens become immune themselves to the drugs that doctors might administer to help the body fight them off, the most dangerous pathogens have â€Å"